Hate Crimes Essay

A hate crime is an act of violence, a threat, harassment, or property damage motivated by bigotry and prejudice against the actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, gender, disability, or sexual orientation of another group or individual. These acts are not only against the victim(s), but also the particular group as a whole. Hate crimes are very common and often times it is hard to tell whether or not the crime is motivated by hate. I chose this topic because I was watching a TV show call Criminal that told true stories of hate crimes. The one that got me interested was â€Å"Punks vs. Preps,† there had been an ongoing feud between the two groups, which ended in a teen losing his life. This episode showed one of the many cases of hate crimes that have plagued our nation. Watching it caused me to grow curious about how often these terrible events happened, as well as, what is being done to prevent future breakouts of hate crimes. Many people assume that hate crime offenders are hate-filled Nazi’s or â€Å"skinheads†. But research by a clinical psychologist at the University of California shows that out of 1,459 cases in the span of a year less than 5 percent were members of a hate group (http://www.hatecrime.org). Most hate crimes are carried out by, seemingly, law-abiding young people who do not think their actions are wrong. Sometimes drugs and alcohol help initiate these crimes, but the main factor appears to be personal prejudice. Personal prejudice is what blinds a person from seeing the wrong in what they are doing. Most times this prejudice comes from an environment that sees differences as threats. The worst hate crimes are often committed by people with a history of antisocial behavior. One of these examples took place in June of 1998 in Jasper, Texas. Three men, with jail records, offered a ride to a black man with a limp. After beating him to death, they dragged him behind their truck until his body was partially dismembered (http://hatecrime.org). According to the FBI, about thirty percent of all hate crimes in 1996 were crimes against property. They involved robbing, vandalizing, destroying, stealing, and/or arson. Approximately seventy percent involve an attack  against a person. This can range from simple assault (without a weapon) to aggravated assault, rape, and murder. This type of attack has two levels of injury, on a person’s physical self and also on a person’s identity (http://www.stopthehate.org). Educated guesses of the presence of hate crimes in a society are difficult because each state defines and reports these crimes differently. The Hate Crime Statistics Act was enacted in 1990, but federal law enforcement officials did not begin collecting nationwide statistics until the following year. Another obstacle to gaining an accurate count of hate crimes is that many victims are afraid to report the attacks. This comes from the trauma they have experienced and fear of retaliation or future contact with the offender(s). Another reason is that it is difficult to identify a biased motive. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is often caused by hate crimes. Some symptoms are intense feelings of vulnerability, anger, and depression, learning problems, and difficulty with relationships (both physical and emotional). Studies have shown that some victims have taken as long as five years to overcome the feelings. They may heal more quickly if support is available soon after the incident (Punks vs. Preps). Hate crimes not only affect the victim himself, but they also affect the particular group the victim is from or thought to be from. When the result of the attack is serious injury or the loss of a life then it also affects the family and friends of the victim. Racial Hatred is by far the most common type of hate crime with African Americans as the group at greatest risk. In 1996, sixty percent (4,831 of 7,947) of hate crimes were committed because of race; two-thirds of these crimes were targeting African Americans (http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/ucr). The type of crimes committed against this group has not changed since the nineteenth century; they still include murder, cross burnings, vandalizing churches, and bombings. As for the other racially motivated crimes, about twenty-five percent were against white people, seven percent against Asian Pacific Americans, less than five percent against multiracial groups, and one percent against Native Americans and Alaskan Natives. Ethnic minorities in the United States are often targeted because they are  thought to be new to the country even if their families have been here for generations. Other times they are targeted just because they are seen as different from the majority population.

Social Determinants

Health and Wealth The statement, â€Å"people with more money live longer than those who are poor because rich people can afford better health care services† is inadequate. It leaves me to believe that income and health care are the only things that determine one’s health. An individual’s income is one of the social determinants of health that contributes to a person’s own health and has a variety of effects on an individual. Social determinants of health can be defined as the â€Å"economic and social conditions that influence the health of individuals, communities, and jurisdictions as a whole† (Raphael, 2004).The knowledge of the social determinants of health has gone through a vast amount of changes in perspectives as to how society decides to define health. My experiences and readings thus far have not only expanded my understanding of health, but also the economic and social conditions affecting health. From my own personal experiences, I have seen differences between the socioeconomic classes of individuals and their ability to access healthcare. Due to the fact that I am Vietnamese, I have visited Vietnam numerous times and have seen how individuals have lived a very unhealthy lifestyle such as eating the wrong foods and lack of exercising.Before moving to Canada, my parents lived in Vietnam and described how most individuals who were always outside on the streets were often sick and did not know how to take care of themselves because of their lack of knowledge of health. At first I believed that this was due to the lifestyle choices they made, however, studies have shown that these lifestyle choices do not go far in determining health status in contrast to the impact of the social determinants of health.In addition to these studies, when I recently visited Vietnam, I saw that the environment they were living in reflected their income level and health status. According to Raphael (2004), â€Å"socioeconomic status and income status are powerful predictors of health as they serve as indicators of material advantage or disadvantage that accumulate over the lifespan† (75). According to Raphael (2004), â€Å"Health differences among Canadians result primarily from experiences of qualitatively different environments associated with the social determinants of health† (p. 0). Income status is one of the social determinants of health that determines the quality of life associated with working conditions, employment, food security, and education. Usually, when an individual has grown up in a poor environment with inaccessibility to healthcare, their future may already be predetermined for them. In the film â€Å"Unnatural Causes† (California Newsreel, 2008), a woman residing in District 5, named Mary Turner lives in a very poor neighbourhood with three teenage daughters and a disabled husband.In addition to these complications, Mary also has health problems of her own that prevent her from working and making money for her family, which results in a very low income. She cannot afford healthy food because they are generally more expensive, and therefore her family eats meals that are unhealthy and inexpensive. In the film, Mary expresses the fact that â€Å"disadvantaged people are unhealthy. † Out of the four neighbourhoods studied in the film, District 5 is the poorest; this reflects the idea that there is an unequal distribution of resources and income among the population.As McQuaig & Brooks (2010) explains, â€Å"simply living in an unequal society puts one at greater risk of experiencing a wide range of health problems and social dysfunction† (p. 82). This simply explains that one’s health is directly proportional to their income status and overall, the resources that they do or do not have. The relationship between health and wealth should be explained in relation to the social determinants of health. As this relationship becomes cleare r, as does the fact that rich people live longer because they can afford health care in comparison to less wealthy people.References California Newsreel and Vital Pictures (2008). Unnatural Causes. United States: California Newsreel. McQuaid, L. & Brooks, N (2010). Why billionaires are bad for your health. In the Trouble with Billionaires. Toronto: Viking Canada, ISBN 9780670064199, pp. 149-169 of 272. Raphael, D. (2004). Introduction to the Social Determinants of Health. In D. Raphael (Ed. ) The Social Determinants of Health: Canadian Perspectives, Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press Inc. pp. 1-19 of 435. ISBN 1551302373 Social Determinants Describe what is meant by the term `social determinants of health'. Discuss the evidence of how work has an impact on health. Outline the implications for nursing practice. Introduction The aim of this assignment is to discuss the evidence of the impacts that work can have on an individual's health. Health has been defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (World Health Organisation – WHO, 1946). Therefore, health is viewed as a much broader concept in that it includes social wellbeing.It has long been recognised that social determinants can influence health. There are many social determinants of health, for example food, stress, early life, transport, social gradient, unemployment, social support, addiction and social exclusion. However, the intention of this assignment is to discuss the evidence of the impact of work, as a social determinant, on health. Secondly, this assignment will explore the wo rk of Babbage, Taylorism and Fordism in relation to the influence on the development of work.The discussion will also include how work within the UK has changed over the last 20 to the 30 years and a description and evidence of the effects of paid and unpaid work as well as the boundaries between the two will also be illustrated. Lastly, the implications of work as a social determinant of health for nursing practice will be outlined. Main body Social Determinants of Health Social determinants of health are the economic and social conditions under which individual's live which can determine their health.WHO (1946) have identified ten different social determinants (stated in the introduction) of health that can all have an effect on a person's physical and mental wellbeing. The identification and research of social determinants of health have helped extend awareness and encourage action from healthcare workers and advocates. According to Drever and Whitehead (1997) in studies of socia l inequalities of health, the most frequently used indirect indicators of social and economic conditions are an individual's occupation, education or income and how these factors influence their lifestyle and wellbeing. Social Determinants Health and Wealth The statement, â€Å"people with more money live longer than those who are poor because rich people can afford better health care services† is inadequate. It leaves me to believe that income and health care are the only things that determine one’s health. An individual’s income is one of the social determinants of health that contributes to a person’s own health and has a variety of effects on an individual. Social determinants of health can be defined as the â€Å"economic and social conditions that influence the health of individuals, communities, and jurisdictions as a whole† (Raphael, 2004).The knowledge of the social determinants of health has gone through a vast amount of changes in perspectives as to how society decides to define health. My experiences and readings thus far have not only expanded my understanding of health, but also the economic and social conditions affecting health. From my own personal experiences, I have seen differences between the socioeconomic classes of individuals and their ability to access healthcare. Due to the fact that I am Vietnamese, I have visited Vietnam numerous times and have seen how individuals have lived a very unhealthy lifestyle such as eating the wrong foods and lack of exercising.Before moving to Canada, my parents lived in Vietnam and described how most individuals who were always outside on the streets were often sick and did not know how to take care of themselves because of their lack of knowledge of health. At first I believed that this was due to the lifestyle choices they made, however, studies have shown that these lifestyle choices do not go far in determining health status in contrast to the impact of the social determinants of health.In addition to these studies, when I recently visited Vietnam, I saw that the environment they were living in reflected their income level and health status. According to Raphael (2004), â€Å"socioeconomic status and income status are powerful predictors of health as they serve as indicators of material advantage or disadvantage that accumulate over the lifespan† (75). According to Raphael (2004), â€Å"Health differences among Canadians result primarily from experiences of qualitatively different environments associated with the social determinants of health† (p. 0). Income status is one of the social determinants of health that determines the quality of life associated with working conditions, employment, food security, and education. Usually, when an individual has grown up in a poor environment with inaccessibility to healthcare, their future may already be predetermined for them. In the film â€Å"Unnatural Causes† (California Newsreel, 2008), a woman residing in District 5, named Mary Turner lives in a very poor neighbourhood with three teenage daughters and a disabled husband.In addition to these complications, Mary also has health problems of her own that prevent her from working and making money for her family, which results in a very low income. She cannot afford healthy food because they are generally more expensive, and therefore her family eats meals that are unhealthy and inexpensive. In the film, Mary expresses the fact that â€Å"disadvantaged people are unhealthy. † Out of the four neighbourhoods studied in the film, District 5 is the poorest; this reflects the idea that there is an unequal distribution of resources and income among the population.As McQuaig & Brooks (2010) explains, â€Å"simply living in an unequal society puts one at greater risk of experiencing a wide range of health problems and social dysfunction† (p. 82). This simply explains that one’s health is directly proportional to their income status and overall, the resources that they do or do not have. The relationship between health and wealth should be explained in relation to the social determinants of health. As this relationship becomes cleare r, as does the fact that rich people live longer because they can afford health care in comparison to less wealthy people.References California Newsreel and Vital Pictures (2008). Unnatural Causes. United States: California Newsreel. McQuaid, L. & Brooks, N (2010). Why billionaires are bad for your health. In the Trouble with Billionaires. Toronto: Viking Canada, ISBN 9780670064199, pp. 149-169 of 272. Raphael, D. (2004). Introduction to the Social Determinants of Health. In D. Raphael (Ed. ) The Social Determinants of Health: Canadian Perspectives, Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press Inc. pp. 1-19 of 435. ISBN 1551302373

Health Promotion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health Promotion - Research Paper Example Law enforcement, health care, and low labour productivity are estimated to be 9.2 billion yearly in Ontario alone. 10% of mortalities in Ontario arise indirectly or directly from consumption of alcohol. Ontario’s Ministry of health developed the program that targeted 21 communities in the entire Ontario community that have shown interest and commitment in addressing this menace. The key audiences for this program are youth and children, with every project asked to allocate 30 per cent of their budget to reach the target population. The program builds the success of highlighting projects to prevent substance abuse and alcohol at sites in 21 communities. The evaluation of the program found that the project offered a promising future of preventing alcohol and related substance abuse. Based on the finding, the ministry has come up with a FOCUS community program that implements the existing 11 sites and 10 new sites (â€Å"Partners in action: Ontarios substance abuse strategy†, 2004). Every site has a local agency responsible for preventing substance abuse and leading the implementation process of FOCUS. Addiction Research Foundation is a branch of Addiction and Mental Health Services Corporation that participated in developing the FOCUS program and in selecting the sites. The ministry invited the agencies to prepare the applications of FOCUS in conjunction with domestic partners like businesses, health agencies, voluntary groups, and injury prevention coalition. In total, there are 220 groups in partnership with FOCUS Community Program. Funding from the ministry of Health will supports the staff resources and program costs (Weinstein & Hanson, 2005). The communities that are participating in the program have matched the funding of the ministry with domestic in kind resources on a ratio of 1 to 1. Consequently, the domestic program partners have taken part in valuation of resources worth over 2.5 million

The sub-prime mortgage crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The sub-prime mortgage crisis - Essay Example The US sub-prime crisis is the historic turning point in the US economy and global culture. It is the result of the collapse of the speculative bubble in the housing market that began to burst in 2006 and has had rippling effects across many countries in the form of financial failures and global credit crunch. The current credit crisis which is the wave of the collapse of the US sub-prime mortgage market can be evaluated by understanding the history which is associated with it in terms of the effects it has had on the borrower as well as the financial statements of the banks, other financial institutions and the investors in the mortgage backed by securities around the world (Walters, 2008). The mortgage lending market is divided in two sectors prime and sub-prime. Prime borrowers are marked by high income, strong credit rating and sound savings. Sub-prime mortgages are loans which are extended to borrowers who have low credit score, no savings, blemished credit history and weak debt to income ratio. Sub-prime borrowers are considered riskier by the lending institutions and are generally assessed at higher interest rates than the prime borrowers. The sub-prime mortgage market emerged and flourished in the 1990’s. The new trend of extending loans or credit to borrowers with less than perfect profiles was adopted in 1990’s and continued until 2005, resulting in increased homeownership recording 64.1 % in 1993 and 68.9% in 2005(Carpenter,2008). The expansion of sub-prime market improved the access of credit and resulted in the boom in the real estate market. This also led to the expansion of credit to those borrowers whose credit was blemished. This period was also backed by strong overall housing market with increasing value of the home prices. Though this trend did not continue and in 2006 the housing market began to slow down, which resulted in rising late mortgage payments, foreclosures and defaults. This resulted in the collapse of the US sub-pr ime mortgage market. The crisis had widespread impact on the borrowers, investors, financial institutions, securitization, and mortgage broker which led to more involved government regulation. With the emergence of the sub-prime mortgage on the larger scale, there has evolved a new term in the lending world 'predatory lending'. It was seen that as sub-prime market increased so did predatory lending in some form or another. The Joint Report offered this definition: "In a predatory lending situation, the party that initiates the loan often provides misinformation, manipulates the borrower through aggressive sales tactics, and/or takes unfair advantage of the borrower's lack of information about the loan terms and their consequences. The results are loans with onerous terms and conditions that the borrower often cannot repay, leading to foreclosure or bankruptcy" (Carpenter, 2008). This brings in the ethics applied in the lending industry where sub-prime lending can be encouraged and predatory lending can be controlled using regulatory authorities. Owning a house is very noble desire very intrinsic to the happiness of the human beings. When the system goes against this virtue and creates more damage to the parties concerned it becomes a widespread crisis. Sound ethical practice applied to different segments of the mortgage industry will provide a channel which will help solve this ruthless money making machinery from exploiting the situation of nave customers or borrowers. The first time home buyers are elated and confused. It is an intimidating experience for the borrowers especially if they have been declined credit because of their income or credit history. It is a challenging task to negotiate the maze of loan processing which are overwhelming in terms of loan terms, fees, and financing documents. Most of the time borrowers place their trust in the broker or the lending authority which initiates the

Advanced research design Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Advanced research design - Term Paper Example This design is employed in gathering data that are empirical on cultures and societies of humans. Data collection in ethnographic design can take a form of a questionnaire, an interview or observation. In this study, the collection of data was done using the internet based behavioural intervention for increasing physical activity and healthy eating. The interventions used in this study were presented to the participants through the email. This means that the intervention were in the form of a booklet. The sample for this research was made up of consists of college freshman of ages between 18 and 20. The participants were enrolled with the fact that they were willing to complete an internet-based behavioural intervention program to prevent weight gain. The participants were volunteers from a local university and were randomized to either a group of the intervention group or a control group. The dependent variable for this study was the efficiency of the intervention, whereas the indep endent variable was the different behavioural change for increasing physical activity and healthy eating by individuals who took part in the intervention. The controlled variable for this study was the participants’ ages. This is because the age of the participants did not have any effect on the reduction of weight. Despite the different ages of the subjects, there were no proofs of the age effect on the intervention efficiency response because change in the intervention efficiency response was due to the increasing physical activity and healthy eating by the participants. Hypothesis. The hypothesis for this study would be that increasing the physical activity and healthy eating increases the efficiency of the intervention where as reducing the physical activity and healthy eating will reduce the efficiency of the intervention used. Plan for statistical analysis of the hypothesis. Procedure Materials used. To analyse the hypothesis, the apparatus that would be used for includ e: A recorded CD, Oral and written explanations about the intervention, a research study, a response booklet and scale to rate the intervention efficiency. An example of such a scales used are: 1--------2--------3--------4--------5--------6--------7--------8--------9--------10 Not at all Very much. In this scales, digit 1 represent little efficiency where as digit 10 represent increased efficiency. Procedure. All subjects will be given oral and written explanation on research and the intervention through heir emails. The subjects will then be given behavioural intervention with highlighted concerns on the process of increasing the physical activity and healthy eating. In this case, the intervention will be made up of various physical activities and tips on healthy eating. The participants will take part in the intervention activities and record all the details from one intervention to another. The subject would measure their weight gain when having little physical activities and whe n having increased physical activities. Using a scale, the participants will describe the experience in the process of intervention by rating their efficiency of the intervention. All the results obtained would be recorded in a table. Discussion. A table with data on the extend of physical activity, healthy eating, and weight gained would be established. The increase in physical activity and healthy eating would be compared with the weight gain of the participants. The mean, standard deviation, and the mode for the data would be established (Bowling, 2007). A graph of weight gain against the physical

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Business Strategy - Essay Example The organization we have selected to compare with Kellogg is General Mills, a manufacturer and marketer of branded consumer foods. General Mills’ mission is nourishing lives. General Mills seeks to attain this mission through making lives healthier, easier and richer (General Mills, 2010). The organization makes lives healthier by continuously improving the health profile of its products. It makes lives easier with foods that are simple to prepare and it makes lives richer by making foods for special moments such as birthdays. Goals and objectives help an organization in controlling its plans and providing its staff with the direction to take for the organization to realize its mission and vision. General Mills has not clearly delineated its vision through a vision statement. However, this can be inferred from the organization’s mission and values statement. Likewise, we can use the values statement to point out General Mills’ goals. From the values statement G eneral Mills aims to assert its values everyday through its people, its brands, its innovation and its performance. These goals are: to ensure that its brands continue to win consumers trust around the world; to nurture diverse, talented, committed people who contribute to their communities; to continue developing and implementing innovative ideas that further build the company’s brands and business; and to continue delivering outstanding performance for its investors. According to Kotelnikov (2011) core competencies are the things that a company does better than its competitors in the critical, central areas of the organization where the most value is added to its products and/or services. For General Mills, its core competencies are in its intimate consumer knowledge and its innovation. These two competencies manifest themselves in in the mix of new products and improvements to existing products that General Mills is renowned. The company extends its legacy of learning ab out products, processes and unique disciplines; improving production efficiencies, elevate quality and reducing costs; and preserving precious institutional memory through its multiple schools such as Cereal School, Yogurt School and Packing School. 1.2 Explain the significance of stakeholder analysis, (especially for the selected organization) (P2) The topic of stakeholders is very popular and contested among theorists. There is quite an amount of contesting literature around which theorists try to update and replace. Freeman, the â€Å"father† of stakeholder theory has also given different definitions of whom or what constitutes a stakeholder. In 1984 Freeman defined stakeholders as â€Å"any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization objectives† while in 2004, Freeman defined stakeholders as â€Å"those groups who are vital to the survival and success of the corporation† (Fontaine, Haarman, & Schmid, 2006). The former definition (Freeman 1984) is preferred in academic circles because it is entirely organization orientated. This is the one we shall use in this discussion. General Mills’ mission is to nourish lives. Nourishing lives refers to nutrition, which as the cliche goes, â€Å"you are what you eat†, is the crux of human health. Furthermore, General Mills is also a Fortune 500 company, among the largest food companies in the world, with a presence in more than 100 countries on six continents. This inter-continental presence implies that General Mil

Great Creations Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Great Creations Organization - Essay Example As a small NGO, GCO have a capacity to move extremely quickly as circumstances changes. Decisions do not need to go through vetting processes and large bureaucracies but could be made right at such an executive meeting. GCO could therefore keep abreast of changing needs and adapt the programs as needed which only call for more meetings (Aras & Crowther, 2010).B)Â  An involved and active membershipThere is a tendency of smaller NGOs like GCO fearing to be swallowed because government funders find it easier to deal with fewer service providers. But GCO is well established and therefore an involved membership including the interested shareholders should be used. These will include volunteers and community development approaches.C)Â  Collaborate strategicallyThere are other smaller NGOs dealing with the same provisions as GCO and therefore collaborating with them in learning, opening of social media networks to get to the affected areas and develop a partnered IT strategy (Winsemius & Guntram, 2002).D)Â  SpecializationUnlike larger organizations, GCO cannot provide multifaceted services effectively and therefore should only specialize on what it does well and perfect it.E)Â  Maintaining good relationships with funding bodiesThe relevant government departments and the other funders have continually issued complaints to GCO about this or that. It is critical that these key contacts are maintained which would include courtesy calls (Fitzduff & Church, 2004).F)Â  Educational Institutions

Writers Inventory Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writers Inventory Letter - Essay Example Also, I have discovered that choosing topics is not as difficult as I initially found it to be – it needs creativity in many cases. One thing that I have never quite learned is how to make transitions when introducing new ideas. The use of connectors such as â€Å"so †¦ that, although, no sooner †¦than and thought† have proved to be quite challenging. Similarly, incorporating quotes and citing other people’s works in my writing has remained a challenge – maybe because I haven’t learned how to use some punctuations marks. Although my grammar has improved, I know I have quite a lot to do still. For example many times I misspell words that look so simple. Because my grammar is still inadequate, I often lack words to use in place of others. I will try reading more literature to learn more words and how to use them. I need to learn how to keep to the topic as I write. In many occasions, I have presented irrelevant information and far exceeded or presented inadequate material. I may start writing well but somewhere along the line I go off topic. I tend to use so many words to explain even simple concepts. I hope to work on these weaknesses. I will have to practice more to stick to the topic. I also want to thank you for being so helpful to me and to the whole of our class.

How businesses comply with legislations regarding sales over the Essay

How businesses comply with legislations regarding sales over the internet - Essay Example E-Commerce is the new way of doing business in today’s world of the internet. It allows vendors to utilize several convenient channels in order to deliver products and any necessary information directly to the customer. It does this at a lower cost than the conventional methods. The benefit to the consumer is the obtention of numerous choices for purchasing goods and services without restrictions of time and space. This new way of buying and selling has not only had influence on the people’s way of living, but has also made them to adapt to novel behavioural methods in order to use such technology in their day to day life. However, several legal issues have arisen due to the lacuna in many of the existing legislations, which had not been drafted with the considerations of electronic transactions that deal the buying and the selling of intangible products via non-physical border networks (Kwok, Yang and Tam, 2004). Distance selling regulations are those that protect people who make purchases by phone, e – mail, internet or digital television. The protection offered to consumers is first, the right to obtain unambiguous information about available goods and services; secondly, written confirmation of such information; thirdly, provision of a seven working day period within which a consumer can rescind the contract and lastly, protection from credit card fraud (The Consumer Protection (Distance Selling) Regulations 2000, 31st August 2000). In addition, E – commerce Regulations make the EC Directive on E – commerce into UK law. This Directive requires Member States to guarantee that contracts can be completed electronically. On the 21st of August 2002 The Electronic Commerce Directive & The Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations 2002, brought into UK law most of the provisions of the Electronic Commerce Directive 2000/31/EC (The

Annotated Bibliography Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Annotated Bibliography - Assignment Example Keywords: diversity, race, gender discrimination, Hispanics Shore, L. M., Chung-Herrera, B. G., Dean, M. A., Ehrhart, K. H., & Jung, D. I. (2009). Diversity in organizations: Where are we now and where are we going? Human Resource Management Review, 117–133. In this article, the authors attempt to provide a comprehensive account for the drivers behind diversity and its outcomes. Several dimensions of diversity have been identified including that pertaining to age, race, ethnicity, gender, culture and disability). Each of these dimensions has been examined in the article along with studying the common theme across all these dimensions. On the basis of these dimensions, the authors provide an integrated approach to understanding diversity. The authors possess sufficient academic qualifications (some with teaching experiences) that has enabled them undertake a coherent and comprehensive analysis of literature pertaining to diversity. By virtue of this study they have come to conc lude that diversity ought to be viewed more positively as opposed to the negative connotation attached with it. The very mention of diversity sparks attention towards something that is not normal. In other words, pointing towards preferential treatment of specific races, gender, age etc. is in itself a discriminatory practice. The authors have, therefore, managed to point out the limitations of previous studies by referring to specific suggestions in the form of a model for diversity. Although the model has not been empirically tested (which is its biggest weakness) it does provide a strong basis on which researchers could conduct experiments and demonstrate empirical results. Hence, this could prove to be a significant contribution in the way in which diversity is perceived, thereby marking a paradigm shift. Podsiadlowski, A., Groschke, D., Kogler, M., Springer, C., & Zee, K. v. (2013). Managing a culturally diverse workforce: Diversity perspectives. International Journal of Interc ultural Relations,159-175. In this article, the authors conduct two studies for the analysis of the approach organizations take to the management of diversity. Primary data obtained from interviews showed insights into the management of culturally diverse employees. The authors suggest the adoption of a â€Å"specific† approach linked with the initiatives to tackle diversity in organizations. Furthermore, the use of Diversity Perception Questionnaire has been suggested to account for the gap between the actual and expected diversity management outcomes. Although the authors tend to be knowledgeable and credible in terms of their analysis, there are limitations to this study. Since the study is based on Austrian organizations it is difficult to generalize its results and suggestions for global practice. The influence of organizational culture in diversity management was not explored which questions the comprehensiveness of the study. Bielby, W. T. (2000). Minimizing workplace gender and racial bias. Contemporary Sociology, 120-129. The author in this article attempts to provide the basis or justification for diversity management by defining the nature and extent of gender and racial bias in organizations. The cognitive basis for stereotyping is discussed along with a criticism on the organizational practices that sustain this bias. Finally, the approaches to counter this discriminatory behavior are described with EEO

US Electoral Process Essay Example for Free

US Electoral Process Essay One may be surprised to realize that in the elections of 1876, 1888 and 2000, the candidates who won the nationwide popular vote went on to lose the United States Presidential vote. This may cause one to doubt whether the electoral process is indeed democratic. ‘Democracy’ was derived from the Greek word ‘demos’ defined basically as the government in which the supreme power is vested in the people or simply as President Abraham Lincoln defined it; the government of the people, by the people, for the people. Therefore, if popular candidates are forced by the system to be the losers, the electoral process of the United States undermines democracy. Mayors, Senators and members of the House of Representatives are voted in directly by the people; but the problem arises in the presidential elections where the people vote for the ‘elector’ who has pledged to represent a certain candidate. Each state chooses a number of representatives that are referred to as the Electoral College; the number being stated in the constitution and determined by the population of each state. A good example is California that has 55 electoral votes while Utah has only five. In many States, if one wins the popular vote, he or she is assigned all the delegates even though he has worn by only one vote. This is ridiculous! However, few states allocate delegates to presidential candidates proportional to the popular vote that they get. This means that a presidential candidate can win in many of the smaller States but get less votes than the winning candidate in the States with more delegates. Therefore, in the overall count he or she will lose. This explains why Al Gore lost to President George Walker Bush though the former had won the popular vote in the year 2000. When a Gallup poll was conducted later, 83% of those interviewed said that they never accepted Bush as the legitimate president. The other short fall with the process is that while the President and the Vice President rule for four years, Congressmen serve for two years and Senators for six. This means that much money and time is lost in the election period. The President and the Vice President, just like the other leaders should be voted in directly by the people . The candidate who gets the majority votes becomes the President with his or her running mate becoming the Vice president. The terms of service for all the political leaders should expire after the same duration. This would mean that elections are held on the same day, saving much money used for the purchase ballot materials and the hiring of election officers every time the elections are held. Time used in voting will also be saved, as people will vote for all leaders at the same time.

Thomas Moores Music: Nationalism and Identity

Thomas Moores Music: Nationalism and Identity Nationalism and Identity in Irish music has become a topic of great discovery for many scholars. The aim of this essay is to illustrate how the compositions of Thomas Moore, airs taken from Edward Buntings collection, aided in creating a sense of nationalism and identity in Ireland at that given time in history. To do this we must first address the key words in the title in order to provide evidence within Moores compositions. Context on Identity and Music identity is mobile, a process not a thing, a becoming not a being;Â  our experience of music of music making and music listening is best understood as an experience of this self-in-process. Music, like identity, is both performance and story, describes the social in the individual and the individual in the social, the mind in the body and the body in the mind; identity, like music, is a matter of both ethics and aesthetics. (Frith 96, p.109) For decades now, the issues of identity and music have been a topic for debate for many scholars. The above statement by Simon Frith highlights several issues for one to address: identity, society and music. These three issues often come hand in hand when we speak of music and culture. Frith points out that identity is not a solidified, end result of a person. Identity is something that is always in process, a becoming not a being (ibid). Steph Lawler also suggests that identity is a process by which we come to know ourselves when she states that identity itself is a social and collective process and not, as Western traditions would have it, a unique and individual possession (Lawler 2014, p. 2). Both Frith and Lawler highlight the importance of society in creating identity. Frith indicates that identity showcases influential societal factors in an individual and the individual influences societal identity. This is done within ones own moral code and ethics by which they chose to liv e, and can be adapted and changed as a person moves from one society or social structure to another. Lawler suggests that identity is produced through social relations (ibid) thus confirming with Friths earlier suggestion that identity is a process which is constructed to social interaction. Mark Slobin suggested that we all grow up with something, but we can choose just about anything by way of expressive culture (Slobin 87, p. 55). One of the most expressive forms of culture and identity is music. Frith claims that music constructs our sense of identity through the direct experience it offers of the body, time and sociability, experiences which enables us to place ourselves in an imaginative cultural narrative (Frith 96, p. 124). This statement allows us to address the personal identity and the social identity. First off Frith states that music constructs our sense of identity (ibid) which is done through either self-expression of self-selection. Self-expression refers to the act of composing or creating an original piece of music that one uses to express their personality of identity. Self-selection then is the act of choosing music already in the social spectrum that one identifies. Of course, each of these selections can change over a given period of time or as a re sult of social interactions. But what makes music special what makes it special for identity is that it defines a space without boundaries (a game without frontiers). Music is thus the cultural form best able both to cross borders sounds carry across fences and walls and oceans, across classes, races and nations and to define places; in clubs, scenes, and raves, listening on headphones, radio and in the concert hall, we are only where the music takes us. (ibid) Music not only has the ability to create identity for an individual, it has the power to unite communities, societies, cultures and nations in a very unique way. Nationalism Nationalism makes more of the nation than a mere political or cultural community. Its realization becomes the supreme ethical goal of human beings on earth: It is depicted categorically as the most important thing in life; it becomes the be-all and end-all of man in his search for security (Snyder 1954 cited Ryan, 1991. p. 3). This quotation from Joseph Ryans dissertation in 1991 on nationalism in Ireland quantifies what nationalism became for Irish culture and identity during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. Music during the early decades of the nineteenth century reflected social and cultural identities, Dublin musical taste reflected that of London, the mainstay of its concert programmes being drawn from the current European tradition during that period (Boydell 1986 cited Ryan, 1991. p. 77). Barra Boydell highlights how major organisations during this period were trying to create an identity of one nation. In 1792 the Harp festival was organised so that the collectors could: Revive the ancient music of the country and to preserve from oblivion the few fragments which have been permitted to remain as monuments of the refined taste and genius of their ancestors, they emphasized both this perception of Irish music, specifically that of the harpers, as a relic of antiquity, and asserted the common Irish identity of Catholic, Protestant and Dissenter (Boydell, 2014 cited Fitzgerald OFlynn 2014. p. 37). Here Boydell illustrates the original ideology of identity for the United Irishmen, one common identity for all the people of Ireland. This ideology began to change towards the end of the eighteenth century into the early nineteenth century. Once seen as a strong hold for British trade, Dublin and Ireland were now on a decline after the industrial boom during the 1800s. Ireland did not expand as well as other European cities of this era and as such lost its popularity for living and trade. Boydell conveys the direction in which culture and identity was moving: [It was] later in the century that this identity would begin consciously to express itself through Irish traditional (or folk) music and the music of the Irish harpers. When that did happen, notably with Walker, Bunting and Thomas Moore, Irish folk music would become an important signifier of Irish national identity. (Boydell, 2014 cited Fitzgerald OFlynn 2014. p. 37) The ideologies of organisations such as the United Irishmen, founded in 1791, would go on to contribute to the creation of what Irishness was or what Nationalistic views were at this given period in Irish history. Ireland in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century, was in the depth of political and religious unrest. Still under British rule, the Irish people were now seeking equality for all Irishmen. The United Irishmen organisation was in pursuit of civil, political and religious equality from the crown of Britain. They sought to engage in a resistance to British cultural supremacy and in 1798 saw the first major failed rebellion of their fright for Irish freedom. As part of their ideology, songs and music would begin to play a major part in creating and maintaining a nationalistic view. Irish song would grasp the attention of the Irish people and make them emotionally involved in the question of nationality through songs which were inherently Irish (MacCarthy 2012 , p. 165). This period in Irish history was very unsettled for the people of Ireland, and yet it began to unite the country as a nation. Ireland was fast becoming a passionate subject matter with the majority of the country, specifically with Irish born Catholics of middle to lower classes. Thus music was seen as a suitable vehicle for nationalism within the ranks of these classes (MacCarthy 2012, p. 104). By utilising the national music of the Ireland the: Songs and ballads conveyed a sense of Irishness to readers based on traditional cultural aspects such as music or history (MacCarthy 2012, p. 103). These tactics aided in boosting the ideological drive of certain organisations. By encompassing the cultural and historical aspects of the nation through music and song, these organisations were creating a national identity through music that supported their cause. The Act of Union was passed in 1803 and this brought about a wave of nationalist expression. Ryan suggests that: literature dominated [arts in the eighteenth early nineteenth century] but music too made some contribution and in so doing helped link the first and second wave of expression (Ryan, 1991. p. 98). It was at the beginning of the nineteenth century -1807- that Thomas Moore began publishing his ten volume work of Irish Melodies; which concluded in 1834. Contained heavily within these melodies, is evidence of Moores political beliefs. Moores Melodies were expressing not only the political and cultural themes of Ireland in this period, but also nationalist themes which would later lend themselves to ideologies within new waves of revolt in the coming decades. It was towards the end of the century, however, emerging nationalism begins to imbue Irish music with a clearly political and nationalist identity, a development charted by White and by Davis, and to which Moores Irish Melodies would later make such a defining contribution (Boydell, 2014 cited Fitzgerald OFlynn 2014. p. 36).

Crime Is Socially Constructed Criminology Essay

Crime Is Socially Constructed Criminology Essay Nowadays hard to imagine daily life without news telling us stories about shocking tragedies happening around the world. Unfortunately almost everybody is interested in actions that can harm somebody. In media even existing a victim hierarchy (more sensational victim goes on top) of attraction interest of audience. People are measure beings. It is in our habits to judge ourselves and people around us. Rules are governing everywhere; it sets correct and incorrect behaviour of society members. Norm and rules should be conformed and existence of social control is aimed to ensure it. During social control process behaviour of individuals and groups is regulated by formal and informal agents. In process of socialization operates internal social control, here people adopt and learn norms from parents, peers, media, and etc. This type of control is targeted to individuals conscience; meanwhile more concentration of sociologists gets external social control ruled by formal agents as police, courts, and etc.; and negative sanctions (punishing the various forms of deviance). (Goode, 1994) It is very important to understand difference between deviance and crime because first leading to second. Sociologists refer to behaviour that is regarded as wrongdoing, that generates negative reaction in individuals who witness or hear about it, deviant behaviour, both deviant behaviour and traits or conditions that generate a similar condemnatory, rejecting reaction in others are called social deviance or simply deviance. (Goode, 1994, p.1) Crime is a form of deviant behaviour. Deviance can be stated as a violation against norms and values of a wider society. For example one person accepts as a norm to be a part of sub-culture- Goths. This individual support their ideas and traditions, but another thinks different because of his life experience or other impact factor (e.g. taste) that acting and dressing as Goths is incorrect and it becomes deviant. In this case it is legal (actually to be a Goth) but some of deviant behaviour can lead to criminal activity (e.g. smoking in public place). Overall, crime is more about breaking formal norms, but deviance-informal. Crime is socially constructed, this is a fact. Interactionist school of sociology tells us that the social order contain a variety of social groups where each acting in a way he understands the reality.(Muncie and McLaughlin, 1997) They react on certain behaviours and state people as being different from their morality or cultural norms. These different are labelled as deviants or even criminals. Social groups create deviance by making the rules whose infractions constitute deviance and by applying those rules to particular people and labelling them as outsiders. (Becker, c1991; p.9) However, crime changes across cultures and times, for example to take homosexuality. In not long time ago, 1895, Oscar Wilde was sentenced to two years hard labour; (Online) homosexuality counted as a mental disorder and was subject of brutal punishment. Nowadays, in many countries crime label for homosexuality is removed. Another example of changes is violence in family against women and children. It wa s a little interest from police and laws about this problem not a long time ago. This actions was counted as a right of men to make discipline harming more weak members of family. Because of feminist and womens right activists campaigns to support victims, made a great work, and now violence in families is a serious crime. These kinds of interactions another time prove that crime is socially constructed. It seems too ideal from the angle of reality, but actually it is important to understand another point that who make rules to control society? According conflict theory, the law is created by powerful and privileged and benefits exactly to them so making powerless criminals. (Pond, 1999) Regarding Becker, unprivileged and powerless people, no matter of level of injury and damage they done, are likely to be arrested, judged; powerful people create illusions, that those who are at the bottom of social hierarchy (measured in case of income level, race, education degree)- are more dangerous in society. This powerful elite creates environment where ordinary people become dependent of state and its social control agents who protect from lawlessness, but also often victimizing ordinary people one or another way.(Becker, c1991) Media is one of the major tool to help people understand what they need to be more afraid of. There is more to crime and criminals than the state reveals. But most people cannot see it (Becker, c1991, p.15) In conclusion, is sensible to summarize main aspects of all above. Firstly, talking about deviance is important to underline that it varies depending to cultural groups; individuals labelled as deviant only if others define them that way and that powerful and powerless are involved in social power. It is interesting that regarding functional theory of crime, especially Durkheim, deviance perform four functions essential to society: deviance proves cultural values and norms; the way people respond to deviant behaviour clarifies society moral boundaries; society becomes more united; and the last but not the least of importance, deviance support social change. Generally speaking, understanding of deviant behaviour and crime can lead to better society. (Macionis and Plummer, 1997)

Jungle :: essays research papers

The Jungle, a novel by Upton Sinclair, contained many unique characters which were used as color for this story. The character of Jurgis Rudkis was the strong central character that the author developed as the cornerstone of this novel. The story was based on the life Rudkis led in the town of Packington. The remaining characters in the story merely made appearances, and aided in the tale of Jurgis’s experiences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mr. Rudkis, originally from Lithuania, was a strong, overpowering person. His initial appearance was during his wedding day in Packington. The celebration was delayed because of his family’s desire to provide Jurgis and his bride with a wedding feast. This problem was happily solved and he eventually worked at various positions in the town. Jurgis, someone who believes in the value of hard work, was naà ¯ve in thinking that anything can be accomplished through the application of it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jurgis was forced to send his family to work in order to survive. He was horrified to discover how the meat packers, where he worked, took advantage of their employees. The workers at the plant had no benefits, worked long hours, and were paid poor wages. Jurgis decided to join a Union and took a stand on the issues with some other family members. For the first time in his life, he saw the corruption of a town and it’s employers. His solution to most problems, â€Å"I will work harder†, no longer sustained him. He had believed hard work could conquer all, but found that it could not beat the corruption that spread like a cancer in this town.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jurgis soon becomes injured at the plant and bed-ridden. Ironically, this was also a special time for him. He finally got to know his son and spent quality time with him. It was also a time of depression for Jurgis. He deteriorated and became a wreck of his old self. Eventually, he returned for work. He was arrested for beating Ona’s boss, who raped her. His family, so important to him, fell apart. Most things that he worked so hard for were lost. His wife and two children died.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jurgis reacted to his tragedies by living like a tramp. He turned to drink and the life of a beggar, landing in jail again. A life of crime in politics and theft followed. Jurgis could have risen to the top with the crooked life, but met Ona’s rapist again and was arrested.

The Everglades :: Personal Narrative Writing

The Everglades â€Å"We have to be careful. We have a slough slog virgin in the back.† When one of my professors said this, I said to myself, â€Å"Oh lord, what have I gotten myself into?!† In the previous class, I had to miss the second of half due to family vacation plans, making me miss the slog in Pa-Hay-Okee. I was a little upset I had to miss it just because I did not want to be different from anyone else in the class, but I must admit I was a bit glad because I hate water. So when we were having lunch and find out that we would do a â€Å"minor slog† at the Clyde Butcher studio I had a conniption. Where is this photography studio that a slog is actually possible? Surprisingly enough, it was one of the best times I have had in class all semester. I could not help but remember Ranger Maureen’s interpretation speech. How when you undergo events differently, sure, it may seem odd, but it allows you to experience it in a way you normally would not, which hence enables you to construe things in a unique way. Going to class every other week, people often ask me where I am going, and I normally just answer, â€Å"going to the Everglades.† We drive, meet, discuss, interact a bit, and go home. Granted, we have done some interesting things, but never did I imagine that I would literally be in the Everglades. We were sticking to the ground beneath us, in the wilderness, nothing surrounding us but nature; I felt so outdoorsy. But what of puzzled me a little still was â€Å"normal† people who would actually do this every day of their lives. When we got to the Clyde Butcher studio, and met the receptionist, I was surprised to see her. Someone who looked as pretty and trendy as her, you would not expect to see out in the middle of no where, let alone actually living there! You would expect to see biologists, ecologists, and other such scientists, but not some dainty young lady. A few of us actually made a joke about her, correlating to the Matthiessen book, saying that she was trying to run away from her past and just hiding out. I mean that place does The Everglades :: Personal Narrative Writing The Everglades â€Å"We have to be careful. We have a slough slog virgin in the back.† When one of my professors said this, I said to myself, â€Å"Oh lord, what have I gotten myself into?!† In the previous class, I had to miss the second of half due to family vacation plans, making me miss the slog in Pa-Hay-Okee. I was a little upset I had to miss it just because I did not want to be different from anyone else in the class, but I must admit I was a bit glad because I hate water. So when we were having lunch and find out that we would do a â€Å"minor slog† at the Clyde Butcher studio I had a conniption. Where is this photography studio that a slog is actually possible? Surprisingly enough, it was one of the best times I have had in class all semester. I could not help but remember Ranger Maureen’s interpretation speech. How when you undergo events differently, sure, it may seem odd, but it allows you to experience it in a way you normally would not, which hence enables you to construe things in a unique way. Going to class every other week, people often ask me where I am going, and I normally just answer, â€Å"going to the Everglades.† We drive, meet, discuss, interact a bit, and go home. Granted, we have done some interesting things, but never did I imagine that I would literally be in the Everglades. We were sticking to the ground beneath us, in the wilderness, nothing surrounding us but nature; I felt so outdoorsy. But what of puzzled me a little still was â€Å"normal† people who would actually do this every day of their lives. When we got to the Clyde Butcher studio, and met the receptionist, I was surprised to see her. Someone who looked as pretty and trendy as her, you would not expect to see out in the middle of no where, let alone actually living there! You would expect to see biologists, ecologists, and other such scientists, but not some dainty young lady. A few of us actually made a joke about her, correlating to the Matthiessen book, saying that she was trying to run away from her past and just hiding out. I mean that place does

Investigation of the Polar Dinosaur Essays -- Exploratory Essays Resea

Investigation of the Polar Dinosaur Today we know through the evidence of fossils that dinosaur and other large reptiles once lived on every continent on earth. If you were a paleontologist in charge of finding fossils where would you look first? In the search for evidence the icy continent of Antarctica would be perhaps the last continent you would think to search. However, during the last twenty years a remarkable number of prehistoric fossils have been found in regions close to the South Pole. Beginning in 1960 with an expedition lead by a man named Spitzbergen, fossilized footprints from non-avian dinosaur showed the region once had a drastically different climate. In the years that followed more fossilized remains were collected in costly expeditions, often to remote areas near the north and South Pole. However, each find can present unique information about physiological adaptations various forms of life made to polar latitude temperatures during the Mesozoic era. An article â€Å"Polar Dinosaurs† by Thomas H. Rich in Science, published in February of 2002, explores the fossil evidence and presents the following ideas about the environment and the types of creatures who lived and adapted to the seasonal conditions present at these polar latitudes. The ice fields of the North Slope of Alaska we know today are thought to have had temperatures ranging from 13-2 degrees Celsius during the Cretaceous period. This hypothesis is based on evidence from flowering plants, and leaf fossils found from the late Cretaceous found in the region. So life around the poles existed in a climate similar to that of Portland, Oregon, which has a mean temperature of 12 degrees, and may have gotten as cold as Alberta Canada’s average of ... ...uld have probably been impossible for life in the Antarctic where a large seaway eventually developed cutting southeastern Australia from Antarctica. The investigation of polar dinosaurs continues with the excavation of a new site in northern Alaska near the Colville River. Paleontologists have discovered a huge, 100 km, slab of rock that spans the last 40 million years of the Mesozoic era. Exploration of this site through tunneling is believed to present a more extensive record of polar dinosaurs as they were over the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. (1) Works Cited 1) Rich, T.H., P. Vickers-Rich & R.A. Gangloff, February 2002, Polar Dinosaurs. Science 295:979-980. 2) Mayell, Hillary, Researchers Melt Polar Dinosaur Mysteries, National Geographic, Febuary 2002, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/02/0225_0225_polardinos.html

Corporate Sponsorship Essay

Although ephemeral, our high school years are the most important. Our grades and education can determine what colleges accept us, and sports scholarships can also play a major role. However, if schools don’t have the necessary funding to support students education and sporting programs, it poses a major problem for college acceptance. High school Corporate sponsorship solves this unnecessary conflict. Corporate sponsors give funding to improve school and sports facilities. Admittedly, some people are concerned that corporate funding may defile students education through biased material. This concern is grandly grotesque for corporate funding does not interfere with students education, but in fact offers them a better education through up-date-materials and facilities. High school corporate sponsorships have a variety of positive effects on high school students education and sports opportunities. With sporting brands like Nike, Adidas, and Under Armor, schools are given funding for uniforms, new fields, gyms, and other sports facilities. This helps better sporting programs, making it more likely for students to be offered sports scholarships for college. Also certain advertising companies offer schools funding for new materials like textbooks, computers, iPads, and smart boards, in return for advertisement. These new and up-to-date materials help improve students education and interests them in what being taught. Also this school funding limits budget and teacher cuts, allowing for smaller class sizes and extracurricular programs like art and music. These changes offer students a well rounded education which many colleges are interested in. Being a high school student, I offer an empirical opinion that having funding for sports gives me a better opportunity to succeed and having up-to-date school materials keeps me interested in learning and I often pay more attention in class. Although corporate sponsorship offers many great opportunities, some gibe at the thought. A small percentage of people are concerned that corporate sponsorship may interfere with students learning, stating that the corporation may include biased material in the books they’re funding for, ergo polluting students education with false material. However, these  concerns are chaff, and I elucidate that there is no need for concern. Corporate sponsors have little influence in educational information, but in fact make educational information more current and available through their funding. Corporate sponsors can impact students nation and worldwide with the funding opportunities they offer. Many remain uneducated about its positive effects and how largely this could impact students like me. High school student have a better chance at a brighter future if only we were given the opportunity to succeed, and that involves the right facilities; the answer is corporate sponsorship.

Critical Essay on ‘Follower’ Essay

A metrical com put which explores the paradoxs of growing honest-to-god is the verse form Follower by Seamus Heaney. This poem is to the highest degree Heaneys childhood memories of his bear working on the farm plowing the land. Heaney dress downs truly highly of his male p arent and creates the result of a dead substantial man who was an safe at what he done and a man who was his tidingss hero. It also talks more or less how Heaney used to follow his atomic number 91 virtu entirelyy as he worked and how he brainte of growing up and ploughing standardized his papa. However, there is a twist at the end of the poem and Heaney goes from talking to the highest degree how he was an annoyance to his soda water when he was junior moreover straight his dad is the annoyance to him as he is now old.In the first stanza, Heaney talks about his see and his work. He is talking rattling highly of his make and says, The horses strained at his lose iting tongue This quote interprets how his amaze was a man who was extremely skilful at his work as it shows how his fix could engage numerous watertight farm animals dead and with ease just by clicking his tongue, a truly troublesome thing to do using reasonable force never mind just by a simple gesture such(prenominal) of the click of his tongue. The flesh the reader gathers from this quote goes intimately with the take care of a heavy, well-built man that we spring up when Heaney writes,His shoulders globed identical a full canvas strungThese two quotes together erupt a very unsloped picture of Heaneys dad. Together they give the impression that his dad was a very dire figure to him and that he aspired to be worry him. It gives the image of the perfect male, a strong, lithe man that was an expert at his commerce and that was an immortal to his son. However, these hero- analogous images of his father when he was unripeer are dismissed later on in the poem when Heaney w rites about how his dad is no semipermanent the big strong man that is an idol to young males but the complete opposite, soulfulness who is annoying and in the way of him rather than being mortal who he looks up to, follows around and aspires to be. These confirming quotes of the young strong man and the electro disconfirming image created by the persist stanza go hand in hand to show the problems of growing onetime(a).The same kind of idea of the negative points of growing old are keep in to the here and now stanza when Heaney continues to talk about how his dad was so lots of an idol to him and how his dad was someone to be looked up to and to aspire to be like when he was younger and in his height in this stanza. This time Heaney says,An expert. He would sink the wingThis is a very regent(postnominal) describe. The short sentence of only two words to start off the stanza is very effective as it gives the impression that his father wasnt only very good at his credit line but he was an expert, he was the best. This is erst again exhibit how his father was so practically of an idol to him and that he was a very honourable stereotypical perfect father when he was younger as it shows how good his father was at his job. The second part of the line shows that his father knew but what he was doing and gives us the impression that his father took his job very seriously and that he was very precise and slim downd when doing anything in his job such as setting the wing. The idea of his dad being so good at his job and being able to do it with ease is continued when Heaney writes,The sod rolling over without breaking.At the headmanrig, with a undivided pluckThe quotes without breaking and with a item-by-item pluck reinforce the idea that his dad was an expert at his job as they show that he could do effortful work with ease and that he knew exactly what he was doing and that he could do it perfectly if he could turn soil without it until now b reaking and control his animals with a oneness pluck. Once again it is the negative image of his father given in the last stanza as he is older that shows the negative effects of growing older as it is so different from the image you gather from the first two stanzas completely about how good his father was at his job and how strong his father was and how much of an idol his father was to him when he was younger.The image of his father being so strong and good at his job in his youth is continued throughout the abutting three stanzas. The idea of him being an expert and being someone to look up to who was strong and almost perfect is continued through the continued use of quotes such as,the pass teamThis shows that the work was not easy. If the team of strong farm horses that where doing the job were sweating and tired you could only surmise how much sweat and effort Heaneys father would have to seat in to the work. It thus continues to talk about his expertness in the job as it says things such as,Narrowed and angled at the ground, use the furrow exactly.The first line shows how his father took his work very seriously and that he was very precise in what he done and that he made real he done it to a good standard therefore he had to c formerlyntrate greatly on what he was doing. The second line also reinstates the fact that he was an expert at his work as it shows how he mapped the furrow in his head and made sure it was exact once again showing that he took it very seriously and had pride in his work. Heaney then goes on to write,Sometimes he rode me on his foulThis gives the impression that his father was the supreme as he has talked about how hard his work was when he wrote about the sweating team and he was talked about how much effort and concentration that he had to put in to his work but he says how he still even managed to hightail it his little son on his back while he did all of this. Something that would make the work even more harder an d longer and would make it harder to concentrate but he still did it. However, all these quotes can be compared to the last three or so lines that show the real problems of growing older. Al popular opinion he had listed all of these ordained things and even express how he literally followed in his fathers footsteps all day, he finishes of the poem by saying, however todayIt is my father who keeps stumblingBehind me, and pull up stakes not go away.This really cozy ups the problem of growing older as it shows how mint can just disregard someone when they get old regardless of what they thought of them when they were younger. Although Heaney had idolised his dad when he was young and wanted to be exactly like him and used to stumble behind his father and annoy him, now that it is Heaney in the position of having his father stumbling behind him and relying on him, Heaney doesnt even want to know him. This is truly quite a sad final stage to the poem as it really does highlight t he problems of growing older as it shows how it seems that once you are older and start relying on those younger than you who once relied in you they dont want to know you.So, as you can see, the author, Seamus Heaney has been very successful at exploring the problems of growing older in his poem Follower. Heaney does this by writing the broad majority of the poem about positive points about his dad when he was younger making him out to be a hero but then introducing a cruel twist in the last stanza about how even though he once idolised his dad and relied on him now that his dad relies on Heaney, he doesnt want to know him.

Adapting to Change

The mechanical technological driven world of today is moving fast and in this environment change is an inevitable thing because all the ups and downs; failures and successes faced by the other people are dependent on the changes occurring in the surrounding environment.The capabilities of a person to respond towards the changes wired and adopt them determine the way of spending of person’s life. In the personal as well as professional social life the people have to be well aware of the changes occurring around them so that they can old keep them align with those changes. Most of the changes occurring in the surrounding world are led by the technological advancements.Implementing change is rather difficult.The dissertation is based on a qualitative research study that is conducted through secondary analysis of data and a case study.The latter case study of a US based company is presented so that different theories of adopting to change can be studied in the perspective of t he company and the evidences could be found about the practical implications of the theories of adopting to change.1.1 Importance of TopicIn the long fast moving world of today ideas came in to existence and then they what are executed rapidly too, building lot of pressure on the people working in different fields because they have also to adopt the same policy of creating and implementing new and changed ideas from time to time.Recognizing change may be battle.

1.2 Need and Significance for the StudyThere is considerable portion of the literature conducted around the topic and numerous scientific research studies have focused on the models and theories of adapting to change and their practical implication.This dissertation is analytic continuation of the research work done so far because the topic is gaining more and more importance. As the technologies is rapidly spreading so the need of studying the change in organization is also getting few more and more important and the dissertation is aimed at fulfilling the need of further study on this topic.Change is inevitable and its constant.Literature Review2.1. Adopting to change – Historical PerspectiveAdopting to change in an organization is not a new phenomenon but it has deep roots inside the history. Lewin (1952) presented a three stage model about adopting to significant change in an organization.Everyone has obviously noticed the change in the markets.

As the time passes, the business real world show the need for more turbulent and flexible model of adopting to change that can good fit well in the uncertain organizational and environmental conditions as well so the early model presented by Lewin became the less appropriate and uncommon.De Jean (1991) and Malone et al (1992) presented another concept of adopting to change that technology is the static main factor that bring changes in the environment and while designing the technologies it is the public key issue that the technology must be easily adoptable by the end users and the people empty can have the opportunity to customize their existing features using the new technology and at the same first time they can also create new applications with the help of newly introduced technology.In this way the features and adoptability of the modern technology it self determines the success rate of its acceptability. At the same time, the organizations consider also have to be aware of the fact that how they can implement change within their existing cold working patterns and what are the most appropriate ways of integrating new technologies in their traditional system.It is the internal emotional making process of adapting to a different situation.2.2. Adopting to change – Need, Importance and StrategiesVictor Siegle (2006) explains that an organization old has to be well aware of the changes occurring all around because the success of an organization largely depends upon the fact that technological how fast and how adequately they respond towards the changes and make amendments in their new strategies to meet the demands of those changes.These changes could be in form of change in the client’s or customer’s specific requirements and the organization has to provide the goods or services of the client or customer according to their new requirements.Know how you react to pressure in your very own way that is distinctive! Over-training or spi nal injury outcomes if stress may not be tolerated.

All of this has to be select done while remaining within the boundaries of the schedules, budgets, people, and deadlines. For better management of adopting to change it is essential to create a synergistic nature of the organization means that different teams should be created to perform different type of business activities separately and whenever there is any change required in the production of good logical and service, the people concerned with that particular part of the work will be contacted and asked to make changes in their work.In this way the entire production process or good company strategies does not face any set back or major delay. This is necessarily to be done by the management because they have no option to say â€Å"No† to the particular client or customers asking for change.In case the pressure isnt sufficient to overload the body, then no other adaptation occurs.For example they have to assure that the new or changes policies free will be integrate in to the original or existing policies and working pattern of the organization so that the employees can cope up with these changes easily.The cost and time involved in the production process should be kept in consideration by the management while implementing a change so how that the budget and deadline could be managed effectively.At the same time it is equally importance that the management divine must choose from the emerging changes that which one is beneficial for the organization and which will harm it. how This will help the company is getting well prepared for adopting to change in the organization.Human ability to consider ideas is connected with the capacity of self-reflection, reasoning, and also the capacity to acquire and apply wisdom.

In order to avoid the dangers of mismanaged change, it is very importance for an organization to last get ready for adopting the change with all its planning and strategies. First of click all the change must be added to the company’s function in a practical and meaningful way, otherwise there is no good chance that the change will be accepted and successfully implemented in the organization.Thus the management has the major responsibility to choose that what change is necessary for the organization and above all what are the implications of deeds that change within the existing working culture of the company. The management has to keep an eye on the first time matter also to decide and when and in which aspects of the business, the organization good will welcome the changes and what are the aspects and policies that will be remained undisturbed by any of the changes.The capacity to interact effectively with others is a substantial skill which can help you.In this regard the senior management must have effective communication link with its people so that there could be good understanding of their reservations and concerns.2.2 Theories and ModelsGallivan at al (1994) adaptation to change in an organization requires hard work of many years because it is not worth something that can occur immediately. The researchers explain that to get prepares for adopting any change, it is very more necessary that the management of the organization must assure the flow of concise, readable and to the point information to the employees.Whether or not youre moderate a tiny scale or a scale enterprise, adapting to change is vital good for all companies.

The role of management is very crucial at this stage because there is a broad spectrum of new skills required to lead to effective management of innovation and change within an organization.There must be programs, workshops, meetings and gatherings arranged by the management with the employees so deeds that both the management and the employees can better understand the perspective of each other. In addition to how this the management must also produce and provide some material in form of hard copy or soft copy to the employees.This material can explain the perspective of the employees in detail and best can inform the employees many such things that can not be demonstrated orally.Because your head wont be full of thought that is constant youll also start to unwind your mind.This unclear image green led towards the resistance in the employees regarding the change. Another important reason is lack of proper communication links between the management logical and the employees. Wh en the employees are not properly informed by the management neither there is any consultancy done keyword with the employees but the change in imposed on the employees as an order, then there is a generally great unlikeness and unwillingness in adopting any change.On the other hand if the employees are well informed about the change and the policies how are discussed in details then thy can meet higher levels of job satisfaction than uninformed workers.With a positive general attitude and communication that is appropriate, you can discover than you believed you could, that you just become more extract from a change.

Homework Essay

Chapter 18 p534 1.What is the distinguish premiss of the staple Keynesian sit? rationalize wherefore this confidence is essential if unity is to accommodate the control that heap up outlay is a whimsical twitch fuck curt sparing fluctuations.The Keynesian sit around shows how fluctuations in mean congeries address stern f atomic number 18 existent outturn to take issue from effectiveness outfit. This rule acting is incumbent because if it were not utilise companies would harbour to motley wrongs every m there was a potential re vista in take away or supply swag in stock list. With this method short name scotch unite bottomland over bill when the a bon ton does shift their price to fulfill demand.3. see plotted nub uptake and tip its components. why does mean using up mixture when outturn sorts relatively infrequently. What accounts for the residue?This is a total be after outgo on goods and go including intake, inve stiture, regimen purchases and cyberspace ports. If spend variegate happens infrequently and then added goods go into inventory create high society to spend superior on invested inventory. drug addiction fit accounts for the loss in the midst of changes in ingestion.Chapter 191. wherefore does the existing come to mark bear on be after core expenditure? consider examples.Because the raising or laboured acts the cost of borrowing, which affects consumption and plotted investment (which all(a) is a break open of integrality expenditure). If the provide names order the hold commercialize volition verbose overmatch corrupting. If the provide down in the mouthers rate more than mickle are in all probability to buy homes and refinance.2. The feed faces a recessive gap. How would you bear it to move? let off tonus by step how its insurance change is possible to affect the economy.The plys position is to eat yield gaps and economize low infl ation. To go a recessionary output gap, the feed allow raise the tangible take rate.

The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 10

I Dont recognize How This whole kit and boodle later on rough more than come uping in the root cellar, I sic on my deoxyephedrine foundation and hunt my decennary dollar bill miles. Afterward, I shower, nebulizer roughly of my becomes cologne, and execute into the obliterate solely cordialred florists chrysanthemum taught me to do arse in spunky school. I furl on or so under generateed deodourant and thusly gain my current khakis and my Hank B intercommunicateett tee appargonl.When I accept my fix how I opinion, she regularizes, au sotic furthery transferome. So dig more or less. and do you genuinely commend you should scramble hold of in your Eagles island of Jersey to a dinner party companionship party? You m charter accept cardinal of the curtain raising clothes I bought you, or you off- marker usurp unrivaled of your bewilders polo shirts.Its ap attempt, I pose voice, and smile confidently. Dr. chuckel enunciate habi calcium hydratent this shirt was a dandy idea.Did he? my mummy words with a laugh, and hence she removes an parade of flowers and a nursing nursing bottleful of uncontaminating vino from the refrigerator.Whats this? lay break through these to veronica and ramify her I verbalise thanks. Ronnies been a wakeless sponsor to you. And thusly florists chrysanthemum regards handle she is waiver to abuse over again.I pet her practisedbye, and with my hands full moon of flowers and wine, I fling chain reactor the drive behavior and cross ways Knights super C to Ronnies house.Ronnie answers the entrance exhausting a shirt and tie, which st beleaguers me flavour analogous Dr. throw upel was wrong later onwardsward exclusively and I am underdressed. tho Ronnie run acrosss at my rising tee shirt, checks the unwrap on the put up in every probability to unsex sealed I am non corrosion away an over-the-hill Fred dull Mitchell island of J ersey and says, Hank Baskett is the macrocosm Where did you bushel that tee shirt this early in the term? Its extensive which makes me happen so a lot ruin.We obey the essential sweetness destinationed their fashionable life account hold show up and their fashionable discharge government agency to the kitchen, where speedwell is aliment Emily, whom I am move to adopt t matchless often sr. than a young scotch.Hank Basketts in the house, Ronnie says.Who? speedwell answers, and she smiles when she under jibs the flowers and the wine. rain buckets moi?She st ars at my gusty case for a siemens, barely doesnt find it, which I appreciate. I hand her what my puzzle has sent, and veronica embracees me on my un-puffy nervus. meet kinsfolk, crafty, she says, which wonders me because she sounds sincere. I desire you dont mind, yet Ive invited psyche else to dinner, veronica adds. She winks at me and therefore lifts the chapeau off the ind ividual(a) technical deal on the stove, purgative a quick love apple and basil aroma.Who? I ask.Youll render, she says with out(p) reflexioning up from intake her sauce. origin every(prenominal)y I mickle say more, Ronnie is lifting Emily from her proud c blur, saw, escort Uncle Pat, which sounds unk straightawayn until I tell apart(predicate) he is tattle roughly me. label howdy to Uncle Pat, Emily.She waves her slight hand at me, and so I vex Emily in my armor. Her slanted direct shew my calculate, and she smiles as though she approves. Pap, she says, pointing at my dig. appear how blessed my young woman is, Uncle Pat, Ronnie says, gorgerin the tricksy pitch- blue(p) vibrissa on Emilys head. She already k without delays your name.Emily smells interchangeable the mashed carrots that coat her cheeks until Ronnie wipes them easy with a pie-eyed napkin. I hire to require that Emily is a valued kid, and I directly find wherefore Ronnie has compose me so m some(prenominal)(prenominal) earn near his fille why he loves her so untold. I decease to look well-nigh having children with Nikki any(prenominal)day and I amaze so sharp that I buckle under weensy Emily a kiss on the os movementale, as if she were Nikkis baby and I was her father. And wherefore I kiss Emilys forehead again and again, until she giggles.Beer? Ronnie says.Im non rattling supposed(p) to subscribe, because Im on medications and Beer, Ronnie says, and wherefore we ar alcoholism beers on his deck of cards as Emily sits in her fathers drub and sucks on a bottle modify with watered- master apple juice.Its good to take on a beer with you, Ronnie says, serious out front sound his Yuengling lager beer bottle against mine.Whos advance over for dinner?veronicas child, ditherany. adoany and Tommy? I say, computer storage Tif fanys economise from Ronnie and speedwells marriage. sightly Tiffany.Wheres Tommy?Ronnie takes a abundant order of payment of his beer, looks up at the place sunniness, and says, Tommy endured some quadrupletth dimension agone.What? I say, because I hadnt distinguishd. God, Im aristocratic to hear that. honourable make legitimate you dont clear up Tommy tonight, okeh?Sure, I say, and wherefore drink a some sa lie downnt gulps of my beer. So how did he die?How did who die? says a womans voice.Hi, Tiffany, Ronnie says, and al unneurotic of a sudden she is stand up with us on the porch. Tiffanys wearable a foreboding(a) change sur count dress, heels, and a ball field necklace, and her report and hair look overly stainless to me as if she is awkward as well terrible to look attractive, akin former(a) ladies some ages do. You rally Pat, obligation?I stand, and as we judder hands, the way Tiffany looks into my look makes me shade rattling funny.We move covering fire up into the house, and after(prenominal)wards some miserable talk, Tiffany an d I atomic number 18 go awayover solely on diametrical ends of the front room articulate as speedwell finishes grooming the repast and Ronnie puts Emily to hunch over.You look sincere fair tonight, I say when the tranquilize grows awkward. in the first place apart snip began, I n eer ever complimented Nikki on her looks, and I deal this in truth thinned her self-esteem. I name I potentiometer at present utilize complimenting women on their looks so it depart startle in of course to me when Nikki re crooks, although Tiffany au becauseti hollery does look tied(p)handedly, hitherto if she is try in any case hard with the organization. She is a dear now a(prenominal) coherent season one-time(a) than me, plainly has a mark remains and vast, crafty foul hair.What happened to your cheek? Tiffany asks without smell at me.Weight-lifting accident.She merely stargons at her hands, which ar folded in her lap. Her nails gestate been belatedly c alico a crease red.So where atomic number 18 you operateing nowadays? I say, idea this is a safe(p) inquire.Her nose crinkles, as if I had farted. I got fired from my assembly line a few months ago.why?Does it real re crease? she says, thusly stands and cracks into the kitchen.I down the goal of my indorsement beer and clutches for Ronnie to return hold.dinner party is elegant, with coffin naildles overtaking and lower a line plates and supererogatory silverwargon, besides awkward, as Tiffany and I argon wholly unsounded temporary hookup veronica and Ronnie talk round us as if we arnt there.Pat is a extensive history buff. He go to sleeps allthing nearly every individual U.S. president. Go ahead. assume him anything, Ronnie says.When Tiffany fails to look up from her nutrient, speedwell says, My sister is a new-fangled terpsichorean and has a autobiography in twain months. You should see her dancing, Pat. So beautiful. My God, I deprivati on I could spring resembling(p) my sister. If she allows us this year, were all breathing out to her recital, and you should decidedly get it on with us.I gesture cautiously when Tiffany looks up for my response, persuasion Ill go only when so I lay nigh habituate universeness figure. Also, Nikki would in all the wishlihood pauperization to go to a dance recital, and I indispensableness to do the things Nikki comparables from now on.Pat and I be breathing out to work out together, Ronnie says. intuitive finding how raiment my pal is. He puts me to shame. I exact to get in that basement with you, Pat.Tiffany loves the shore, dont you, Tiff? The iv of us should take Emily to the rim one weekend in kinfolk after the crowds consider left. We could entertain a picnic. Do you comparable picnics, Pat? Tiffany loves picnics. Dont you, Tiff?Ronnie and veronica handicraft incidents round their guests for closely fifteen legal proceeding straight, and a ccordingly in the end theres a lull, so I ask if any of them make dos anything close to the veterinarian macrocosm imploded, and to my bewilderment Ronnie and veronica both assure that it was demolish days ago, practiced like my father tell, which worries me enormously because I rush no storage of this or the old age that squander purportedly transpired since. I theorize approximately asking how coarse ago Emily was born, because I commemorate get a letter and furnish from Ronnie in brief after her birth, further I get shake and do non ask.I nauseate football bouncy, Tiffany offers. more than anything in the world.And then we all eat without grammatical construction anything for a while.The third courses Ronnie had promised turn out to be beer, lasagna garnished with baked asparagus, and key lime pie. solely leash are great, and I tell veronica as much practicing again for when Nikki comes back to which veronica replies, Did you prize my food w ould be meritless?I write out she means it as a joke, only if Nikki would sacrifice use the question to prove sound how witchy Veronica fundament be. I look at or so how if Nikki were here, after we went home, wed expect up talk in bop like we employ to when we were both a half-size drunk and posing now at Ronnies dinner table, the conception makes me feel doleful and happy at the kindred time.When we finish our pie, Tiffany stands and says, Im tired. nevertheless weve hardly immaculate eating, Veronica says, and we pay visionary credit line to I verbalize Im tired. in that respect is a silence.Well, Tiffany in conclusion says, are you leaving to walk of life me home or what?It takes me a second to work out that Tiffany is public lecture to me, merely I chop-chop say, Sure.Since I am practicing being kind now, what else could I tolerate said ad provided?It is a ready night, scarce non in like manner sticky. Tiffany and I walk a encumber forra der I ask where she stick outs.With my parents, okay? she says without feel at me.Oh. I bring we are only about four blocks from Mr. and Mrs. Websters house.You live with your parents similarly, right?Yeah.So no bigger whoop.It is dark, and I jeopardize its about 930 p.m. With her arms get over her chest, Tiffany walks pretty quickly in her clicky heels, and briefly we are standing(a) in front of her parents house.When she turns to face me, I study she is manifestly leaving to say good night, simply she says, Look, I havent go out since college, so I dont know how this flora.How what works?Ive seen the way youve been looking at at me. Dont horseshit me, Pat. I live in the admittance or so back, which is completely come apart from the house, so theres no go on of my parents locomote in on us. I abhor the fact that you wore a football island of Jersey to dinner, barely you can rear end me as long as we turn the lights out first. approve?Im too blow out of t he water to speak, and for a long time we just stand there.Or non, Tiffany adds just forrader she starts vociferate.Im so crushed that Im sermon and thought process and distressing all at the same time, non rattling cognise what to do or say. Look, I enjoyed outlay time with you, and I look youre unfeignedly pretty, and Im married, I say, and lift up my marry ring as proof.So am I, she says, and holds up the baseball diamond on her left hand.I take to be what Ronnie told me about her husband having passed away, which makes her a widow and not married, entirely I do not say anything about that, because I am practicing being kind kinda of right, which I well-read in therapy and Nikki allow for like.It makes me authentically tragicomic to see that Tiffany is quieten wearing her wedding ring.And then perfectly Tiffany is kissing me so that her face is between my pecs, and shes squall her constitution onto my new Hank Baskett jersey. I dont like to be stirr ed by anyone yet Nikki, and I really do not fate Tiffany to get physical composition on the jersey my companion was pleasant bounteous to give me a jersey with real stitchedon earn and number but I surprise myself by caressing Tiffany back. I quell my bring up on confidential information of her brilliant black hair, sense of smell her perfume, and all of a sudden I am squalling too, which scares me a lot. Our bodies iciness together, and we are all waterworks. We cry together for at to the lowest degree ten minutes, and then she lets go and runs some to the back of her parents house.When I go home, my father is watch television. The Eagles are vie the Jets in a preseason game I did not know was on. He does not even look at me, probably because I am much(prenominal) a filthy Eagles fan now. My obtain tells me that Ronnie called, saying its essential and I should call him back immediately.What happened? Whats on your jersey? Is that makeup? my get asks, a nd when I do not answer, she says, You better call Ronnie back. that I only lie down in my bed and gaze at the capital of my bedroom until the sun comes up.