International Money and Finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Money and Finance - Assignment Example Wilson Cobbett Ltd during 1870s (Yahoo Finance 2007). With this humble beginning, the business organization has risen to become one of the world's recognized aviation companies capitalizing on its leading market position and strong growth potential. BBA Aviation reports annual sales of 1 million, employs approximately 10, 700 individuals, and operates in 11 countries. The company's major markets include the United States, Asia, the United Kingdom and Europe, while maintaining its headquarters in London, England (BBA Aviation Plc 2007). BBA Aviation Plc focuses on the provision of flight support services and aftermarket services and systems. The company's Annual Report 2006 states that it focuses on extending primary services such as "providing flight support to business and commercial aircraft at almost 150 locations worldwide; overhauling turbine engines together with the supply and repair of related components; licensing components from OEM s [Original Equipment Manufacturers] and assuming responsibility for their support in the Aftermarket; designing, manufacturing, and repairing of aircraft landing gear and hydraulic systems; and training pilots and the provisions of other services at Oxford airport." During 2006, BBA Aviation reports a total turnover of 950.1 million, 556.4 million (59%) of which is shared by its flight support division while the remaining 393.7 million (41%) is accounted for by its aftermarket services and systems (Annual Report 2006). Figure 1 further divides the company's total turnover in 2006 among its business units. Figure 1. Shares of Business Units in BBA Aviation's Total Turnover (2006, in million) III. The Global Aviation Market Armed with its commitment in the provision of excellent products and services to its customers and its cultivated expertise gained through its experience in the market, BBA Aviation is recognized as one of the leaders in the global aviation market. Based on the total value of its turnover in 2006, BBA Aviation's biggest market is the business and general aviation market which accounts for 65% of its total revenue. The company also captures a large share in the commercial aviation primarily on flight support as this segment provides 30% of its turnover. The business organization has a very limited presence in the military market which shares a meager 5% to its gross earnings (Annual Report 2006). Figure 2. The Markets of BBA Aviation (based on sales percentage) A. General and Business Aviation The company's operation in the general and business aviation market has been challenged by the historically high crude oil costs coupled with the rise in average retail jet fuel prices. Amidst these threats in the market environment, BBA Aviation Plc reports a generally "robust growth" as "business aircraft utilization recovered and remained strong" after the "temporary softening in flying hours during the early 2006" (Annual Report 2006). The business organization's outlook for this market segment is bright as demand for its products and services are expected to rise driven by "the continued growth of traditional corporate flight

Learning Healthcare Organizations Essay Example for Free

Learning Healthcare Organizations Essay There are two healthcare organizations that I will be discussing that have transformational change to promote/create learning organization. One is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the other one is International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). CDC is a federal agency under the Department of Health and Human Services that focuses national attention on developing and applying disease control and prevention. CDC collaborates to create the expertise, information, and tools that people and communities need to protect their health through health promotion, prevention of disease, injury and disability and preparedness for new health treats. Stakeholders at CDC are people invested in the program that are interested in the results of the evaluation, and/or with a stake in what will be done with the results of the evaluation. Representing their needs and interests throughout the process is fundamental to good program evaluation. Those involved in program operations are the management, program staff, partners, funding agencies and coalition members. Those served or affected by the program are patients or clients, advocacy group, community members, and elected official. And lastly, those who are intended users of the evaluation findings are persons in a position to make decisions about the program, such as partners, funding agencies, coalition members, and the general public or taxpayers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) continues its long standing dedication to improving the health and wellness of all Americans with the Community Transformation Grant (CTG) program. The CTG program is funded by the Affordable Care Act’s Prevention and Public Health Fund and  awarded $103 million to 61 states and local government agencies, tribes, and territories, and nonprofit organizations in 36 states, along with nearly $4 million to 6 national networks of community-based organizations. Focusing on priorities for change for healthier living is improving health and wellness on tobacco-free living, active living and healthy eating, and high impact quality clinical and other preventive services to prevent and control high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Also, focusing on disease prevention and health promotion that includes social and emotional wellness and healthy and safe physical environments, which facilitate the early identification of mental health needs and access to quality services. Specific community interventions includes; promotes healthy eating by supporting local farmers and developing small grocery stores where people live, protecting people from secondhand smoke exposure, improving community environments to make it safe and easy for people to walk and ride bikes. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) is part of the World Health Organization. It coordinates and conducts both epidemiological and laboratory research into the causes of human cancer. IARC main objectives are; to monitor global cancer occurrence, identify the causes of cancer, elucidate the mechanism of carcinogenesis, and develop scientific strategies for cancer control. On February 3, 2014, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) released World Cancer Report 2014, a collaboration of over 250 leading scientist from more than 40 countries, describing multiple aspects of cancer research and control. The report says about half of all cancers could be avoided if current knowledge was adequately implemented. The stakeholders are the scientist’s that has been researching for the cure of different types of cancer; patient’s that are suffering and waiting for the cure, and the leadership of the World Health organization that implements the research. The IARC activities are mainly funded by the regular budget contributions paid by its participating states. The regular budget for the 2014-2015 biennium was approved in May 2013 at a level of 40 424 491 EUR. Recent changes in the epidemiology of head and neck cancer has new findings.  Overall, the incidence of head and neck cancer is increasing in women, whereas it is decreasing in men. Chewing tobacco is a newly recognized risk factor of great public health concern. The role of tobacco smoking and alcohol as the source of cancer has been reinforced. Head and neck cancer among women in developing countries should deserve more attention, as the mortality rates appears to be higher than those of women in developed countries. For never smokers and never drinkers, more research needs to be done to identify their risk factor patterns. While it is true that advances is medical science have led to continued improvements in medical care and health outcomes, the effectiveness of management options remains inadequate for informed medical care and health policy decision making. Frequently, the result is below an optimal level or standard and inefficient care as well as unsustainable cost. In order to maintain quality of care and cost containment, evidence of comparative clinical and cost effectiveness is necessary for healthcare organization. Examples of healthcare organization that I previously discussed have the institutional lessons learned from the process that is learn along the way. As Feinstein said â€Å"a strategic plan is not worth the paper it is printed on unless its underlying vision is embedded in the organization’s culture, (Feinstein W.L. The Institutional Change Process). The most essential element of organizational change is the alignment of all relevant stakeholders to the new directions. The following are critical to achieving momentum and the successful implementation of a vision for change such as: updating the executive’s leadership style, increasing staff involvement in achieving organizational plans, helping the board understand the scope of the change, and strengthening the agency-federation relationship. Enthusiasm, persistenc e, and commitment for change by the leadership are key. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2009. MMWR Early release, 58(Early release), 1-54. Chang, S., Collie, C. L. (2009). The future of cancer prevention: will our workforce be ready? Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers Prevention, 18(9), 2348-2351. Feinstein, W. L. The Institutional Change Process: Lessons Learned Along the Way. Journal of Jewish Communal Service. Jewish Communal Service Association of North America (JCSA), 1999. James, J. (2009). Health Organizations Theory, Behavior, and Development: 273 Saudbery Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Oreg, Shaul; Berson, Yair. Personnel Psychology. Autumn2011, Vol. 64 Issue 3, p627-659. 33p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 1 Graph. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2011.01221.x. , Database: Business Source Elite Weiner, B. J. (2009). A theory of organizational readiness for change. Implement Sci, 4(1), 67.

The Struggle for National Identity in the Countries of Latin America Es

Following an independence revolution a nation tends to proceed into a period where they learn independence and can function on their own with their own identity. They learn to respect the rights of its citizens, provide national security, instill a sense of patriotism, and learn to handle economic endeavors in a way to benefit the nation as a whole. After their revolutions for independence, the countries of Latin America did not achieve many of these milestones. The countries of did not show any signs of becoming anything close to independent after their revolutions. They allowed Great Britain and the U.S. to come in and dictate their economic infrastructure by exploiting the masses and allowing only a few individuals to enjoy wealth. This in return led to brutal political dictators, a large number of landless farm workers, a low literacy rate, and worker repression. Latin America is a rich land with poor people as its inhabitants because leaders of each country have failed to recognize how to effectively create an independent nation. After most of the Latin American countries achieved independence from Spain in the late 19th century the issue of what type of government the countries would adopt and who would oversee them arose. Many wanted to maintain the Spanish American tradition of a monarch ruling; while others were intrigued by the teachings and doctrines of the Enlightenment and admirers of the American success and wanted to start fresh as a republic. The federalist and centralist factions became aligned with two main political currents that dominated Latin American politics during the nineteenth century: liberalism and conservatism. Generally, liberals viewed the United States as a model whereas, conservatives ... ...ndividuals in power were too selfish to worry about the nation as a whole. Their only concerns were to make themselves as rich as possible regardless of the well-being of others. In a sense, Latin America is not â€Å"detached† from Spain. The core of Colonial Spanish America was to exploit the masses and to restrict power and wealth amongst the elite. This notion has been prevalent throughout Latin American History. Until Latin American countries can break away from exploitation and the involvement of foreign powers in their economy they will never be able to ha[-]. The United States partook a large role in the lack of progessiveness in Latin American following the nineteenth century. Anything that challenged business interests of the United States in Latin America led to a radical reaction by the United States. These radical reactions put fear into many citizens. â€Æ'

Wit by Margaret Edson

Wit Every student has at some point in his or her educational career had a teacher that seemed completely unreasonable and immune to any sympathy towards the student. In the play Wit by Margaret Edson the main character is Dr. Vivian Bearing who is an esteemed professor of early 17th century poetry and fits the bill of the hard-nosed stubborn professor. This character is diagnosed with cancer and the play is about her treatments and battle with the cancer that ultimately at the end of the play leads to her death. Throughout the play itself Dr.Bearing goes through many trials and tribulations and her interactions with the audience, doctors, former students, and herself all show how she goes through stages in order to come to terms with her illness. In the first stage of the play where Vivian is initially diagnosed she shows signs of defiance, which gives the play a real life scenario feeling because it is natural to be in denial for a person under her circumstances. She feels as if sh e can beat this disease and get back to teaching as soon as possible. There are many of times that she tells the doctors (and audience) to keep giving the highest dosing of chemotherapy.Dr. Bearing understands what she is going to go through and is in terms with that on an intellectual level. She even reads books on medical terminology so as to not feel inferior to the doctors when they are reading her charts to her. This also shows the sense of denial and ignorance Dr. Bearing has to the big picture. And this big picture is that in the end she will die. All her life she has been studying and she relates to the two doctors in that way because they are taking her as information and data and she respects that in the beginning.Her attitude toward being treated as data begins to change and she begins to resent that feeling. Then she has a flashback to a certain point in her teaching career that she was the same way with her students. This one particular student asked for an extension on a paper because he had to travel home due to his grandmother dying. Dr. Bearing responds by saying, â€Å"Do what you want, but the paper is due when it is due. † This flashback hits home to her because she understands how the student felt because she is now being treated that way by the doctors which angers her.Throughout the play there is one character that sees Dr. Bearing as a human being, not just data. This is Susie, the head nurse assigned to care for Vivian. These two have an interesting relationship. The entire time Dr. Bearing is in the hospital no one visits her and really Susie is the only person actually caring for her. In the beginning of the play it seems that the main character is annoyed by Susie in a way because at times she corrected her and despised the question of, â€Å"How are you feeling today? † This slowly begins to change and the relationship switches when Susie tries to talk to Dr.Bearing about reducing the chemotherapy treatments. Both of the characters realize now that the cancer is not diminishing and is continually spreading so Susie is showing compassion by not simply labeling her and wanting her to suffer in order to collect more data. Dr. Bearing comes to terms with this and enters a stage of depression. During this part of the play Vivian distances herself from human contact even more and spends her days simply in bed alone, only having little communication with Susie. The last emotion Dr. Vivian Bearing goes through is that of recognition.This last part of the play also shows the development and trust in the relationship between Susie and Bearing. Dr. Bearing tells Susie, not her head doctor, family member, or anyone else that she wants to be labeled as a DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) patient. A decision like this is generally talked over between a patient and family or the head physician but Vivian sees that Susie is the only person who cares for her in some way at this point in her life basically. The characters throughout the play help Dr. Bearing come to terms with her illness, whether it is positively or negatively.The former student of hers’ and when she told that story to the audience showed her how she was missing that feeling of compassion both for and now towards her. While she does not regret how she taught she realizes that she should have treated the students better because she is feeling how they felt with how the doctors are treating her now. In the end it is Susie who helps Dr. Bearing grasp and accept the fact that she is going to die, but she will not die alone now because of her knew friend Susie and that is what Dr. Bearing has been searching for all along, company and support.

Universal Healthcare in the US

Explain how access, quality, and cost is improved in your new system by answering the following questions 3. What economic impact will these changes bring? Scope and Size of the US Healthcare System The US healthcare delivery system Is massive.Total employment In various settings Is almost 10 million, which Includes; Professionally active doctors of medicine(Meds) 744,000 Active nurses Dentist Pharmacists Healthcare Administrators 168,000 226,000 700,000 Therapists(physical, occupational, and speech) Hospitals Nursing Homes In-patient mental faceless 5,760 16,100 4,300 Federal health centers(undeserved rural and urban areas) 325,000 ,700 clinical cites Medical Schools dental Schools Pharmacy Schools Nursing Programs 150 91 1,500 Americans with private health insurance Medicare Beneficiaries Medicaid recipients Health Insurance Companies 41 42500,oho 1,300 Retrieved from: National Center for Health Statistics 2006; Blue Cross Blue Shield Association; American Health Insurance Plans 20 09; Kaiser Family Foundation Commission on Medical and the uninsured 2008; American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy 2009; American Association of Medical Colleges 2010; American Dental Education Escalation 2009; and the National Association of Community Health centers 2009. Exhibit: Show; Supply and Demand Curve as Demand change with increased access Access We propose to pay for our universal healthcare plan through the Implementation of a 5 percent value-added tax (VAT). Revenue from the tax could not be diverted to other uses such as the military or Social Security.No other tax revenues would be used to that we now spend on health care. The money would simply be collected in a more equitable way and spent more rationally, avoiding waste and excessive administrative costs. Under a VAT system, consumption is taxed throughout the chain of production, not just at the point of consumer purchases. When a manufacturer purchases raw materials from a supplier, it pays a tax to the gove rnment; when the manufacturer turns around and sells the good to the retailer, the retailer again pays a tax with its purchase; and the consumer pays the VAT when he or she buys the final product from the retailer. The amount that each player pays is a fixed percentage of the transaction price.Under this plan, the government insists that all insurers offer the same comprehensive benefits to everyone, including: office and home visits, hospitalizing, preventive screening tests, prescription drugs, some dental care, inpatient and outpatient mental health care, and physical and occupational therapy. (Individuals who want to purchase coverage for additional services like caretaker medicine, experimental drugs for serious conditions, complementary medicines or more mental health benefits could do so. ) Under the proposal, all Americans would receive a health certificate entitling the individual or family to enroll in the health care plan of their choice. In most cases, they would keep th eir current physician.The certificate would not be a â€Å"cash card† to buy services; instead, it would be a voucher that gives the individual or family the eight to enroll in whatever insurance plan they choose. The vouchers are of equal value, and the health plans must all offer the same rich package of benefits. No one would be forced to buy insurance; everyone would simply receive a voucher that entitled them to an equal place in our health care system, at no charge. This program would replace employer-based insurance with insurance that offers generous benefits to everyone who is not now covered by Medicare, Medicaid or the State Children's Health Insurance Program.Today, the average state spends more than one-third of its budget on health insurance for state employees, Medicaid and SHIP. Any one already qualified for one of these three programs could switch to the universal coverage and within 10 to 15 years we could phase out those state and federally sponsored progra ms. This would free-up revenue to be used to rebuild some of the deteriorating infrastructure in America such as falling bridges and city water reclamation services. This would create Jobs for the economy. Transaction price. The VAT is as reliable a cash cow as you're going to find: It can generate an enormous amount of money at a relatively low tax rate. 5% for this proposal) For example, a median-income family earning $50,000 a year might well spend the entire $50,000 on housing, food, utilities, clothing, transportation, etc. Under a 5 percent VAT, that family would pay $2500 a year to help fund universal coverage. But, in return, it would receive health insurance worth at least $12,500 (the going price for an employer-based family plan). This VAT tax proposal is four-fold: It faces up to the fact that reform won't pay for itself, and It offers a funding mechanism that is fair and efficient and could deliver high-quality care nationwide. It regulates insurers, forcing them to con centrate on quality.Finally, and perhaps cost importantly, this plan insulates our health care system from the lobbyists who, today, have far too much control over our health care system. Lengthy waiting times for treatment. Many Canadians, that can afford it, travel America to receive treatment due to the inefficiency in their own healthcare system. Canadians also averaged 17 weeks wait time for general practitioner referrals to treatments in 2008 (Small, 2009). This is so called health care is nothing more than a bunch of bureaucratic red tape meeting extensive waiting lists and increasing patient suffering. Universal health care has no exceptions to the rules nor of patients ell being in mind. Matter of fact no matter what your condition there is no disparities of care.It is unfair to the healthy tax payers because it gives people, who smoke, drink, do drugs and eat unhealthy unfair benefits within the health care system. Universal health care will become a melting pot of sick an d unhealthy people thus increasing the cost to keep the program alive. Taxpayers, doctors and insurance companies will suffer economic hardships. Nationalized health care cost will be absorbed by employers and employees. Unfortunately the incurred cost will not stop at the employers. The majority of employers will pass the cost increase onto the employees and the consumers. The cost of goods will steadily increase as a natural cost adjustment to the constant rising of health care expenses. These rising costs will have a deep impact on the economy.Not only will health care raise but so will the cost of goods and services to try and keep up with the market. The resulting factor is individuals will pay higher income taxes, even as they pay increased health care costs, reducing their ability to support families or save for retirement (McBride, 2007). Americans will not only suffer airdrops with rising taxes but many will suffer the huge blow of unemployment. The universal health care pr ogram will decisively eliminate the need for health insurance companies to exist. The resulting factor is thousands of people nationwide will be unemployed. The end result will be increased taxes, goods and services and mass unemployment but we will still have health care for all.This is not a good situation, this plan will bankrupt the American economy and slowly strangle everyone into a virtually unrecoverable downward spiral of indebtedness. Read more: http://www. Essays. Com/essays/sociology/impact-universal-health-care- as-on-doctors-and-insurance-companies-sociology-essay. PH#ixzz2VfunmylJT large body of research in recent years. There is ample empirical evidence that economic resources are associated with health outcomes. Studies to date have consistently shown that income and wealth improve such health indicators as mortality, incidence of diseases, and self-reported health status. While the association between health and economic resources is well documented and accepted, t here is considerable disagreement over its source.Economists have been more interested in the effect of health on economic well-being, arguing that poor lath (disability, chronic disease and the like) affects labor market outcomes and ultimately individual resources, while medical scientists have stressed instead that background differences in economic resources and socioeconomic variables determine differences in health outcomes. The framework that we use to analyze the connection between income and health takes into account the potential two-way causation between health and economic resources. We then use information on health care quality to investigate the importance of quality on such economic variables as health inequality, income inequality and saving behavior.

Charles De Gaulle

Charles De Gaulle At the culmination of the Second World War, several nations in Europe were devastated politically, socially, and economically because of the attack on Germany. The European countries were in pieces and a good number of people perceived that they would not recuperate from such an extensive damage.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Charles De Gaulle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, in the midst of these trying times in anticipation for a brighter future, a number of nations in Europe made great efforts to recover and restore power. During this time, a person by the name of Charles de Gaulle took the mantle to lead the nation of France. De Gaulle envisioned his country to become identified as a great global power. He intended to lead the French people into their new blossoming future. He was seen as being at the forefront during his country’s engagement in the Second World War. However, he disappointe dly turned down the offer of gaining government authority in the 1940’s. At last, in 1958, he regained his position with the hope of establishing his country’s autonomy and reinstating its influence in the world, but his intentions were not fully realized. Early life and influences On November 23, 1890, in the northern industrial city of Lille, a man named Charles de Gaulle was born to a nationalist, traditionalist, but quite socially progressive catholic bourgeois family (Blumberg, p.58; Simkin, para.1 ). He was the second of five children of Henri de Gaulle. De Gaulle’s father, Henri, was a teacher of philosophy and literature at a Jesuit college. He ultimately established his own school. Henri was also a veteran of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, wherein the Prussians disappointedly conquered what the French considered as the strongest army at that time. This humiliating defeat made a great impact to the life of the patriotic Henri. He swore to retaliate and regain the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. Henry’s attitude profoundly influenced the lives of his sons. Therefore, he brought them up to act as the instruments of accomplishing his revenge mission and the reinstatement of their country as the supreme power in Europe. From childhood, the parents of Charles de Gaulle taught him a lot about the history of his country. One of de Gaulle’s great-great-grandparents, Jean Baptiste de Gaulle, served as a counselor to the king while his grandfather, Julien Phillippe de Gaulle authored a book about the history of Paris.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On his tenth birthday, Charles was given this book as a present. He greatly treasured this book and read it many times. Charles de Gaulle was also dedicated to the publications made by Julien Phillippe’s wife, Josephine Marie. One of the literary works by Josephine, The liberator of Ireland, greatly inspired the young man’s life. This book gave him a demonstration of a man’s struggle against religious or political discrimination. He emulated this example in his own life. Possibly the main influence on de Gaulle’s character can be attributed to his uncle, who was also called Charles de Gaulle. He authored a book on the subject of the Celts. The book called for the unification of the Breton, Scots, Irish, and Welsh people. Military Career De Gaulle did not go to a polytechnic college; he started his military career in 1909 on admission to the elite military academy of Saint-Cyr because of the passion he had for his home country. One of his classmates at the school was Alphonse Juin who later played a pivotal role in the French army. After spending four years at the French military school, he reported to Henri Philippe Petain. Petain first became his hero and later one of his key opponents (In the First World War, P etain became the idol of Verdun, but during the Second World War he gave in to Hitler and cooperated with the Germans while de Gaulle was marshalling his country for freedom). During the dreadful Battle of Verdun in March 1916, captain de Gaulle was seriously injured. He was left for the dead on the combat zone. The Germans then took him as a prisoner of war. De Gaulle made at least five fruitless efforts to break away from prison. He was then put under solitary confinement in a retaliation camp. When the war ended, de Gaulle made his way to a general-staff academy. At the academy, he hurt his military career by continuous disapprovals from his superiors. He wrote a number of publications on the idea of reorganizing the military. He disagreed with the static concept illustrated by Maginot Line and advocated for the use of armored divisions. His superiors ignored his claims. However, the Germans read his works and implemented his ideas to come up with a successful strategy referred t o as blitzkrieg, or lightening war. They used this military strategy to conquer the French forces in 1940.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Charles De Gaulle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When France was defeated, de Gaulle, who was then a difficult to understand brigadier general, did not give in to the enemy forces. He escaped to Britain since he had the conviction that it was impossible for the British to capitulate and that the Americans would eventually be victorious. On June 18, 1940, he made a motivating broadcast on BBC radio that earned him global attention (Pedley, p.2). In the address, he maintained that his country had only lost a battle, not a war, and encouraged his fellow citizens to avoid giving in to the Germans. De Gaulle’s early political life When the invasion by Hitler’s forces subsidized, de Gaulle had no serious competitors for the leadership of his country and he was collectiv ely chosen by the French Parliament to be the country’s premier in 1944. Previously, he had intensely fought against the Germans, and now he painstakingly shielded his country against the influences of his strong allies. De Gaulle once said that the Germans, who were destined for defeat, did not frighten him but that he was only frightened by his allies’ alleged domination of Europe after the war. After one year of being in power, de Gaulle started to disagree with most of the politicians in his country. De Gaulle regarded himself as the matchless liberator of his country and looked down on other political leaders as petty, dishonest, and self-centered meddlers. Therefore, in January 1946, sickened by politics, he resigned from his position. He then recoiled into a sulking silence to ponder about the future of his country. In 1947, he resurfaced as the opposition leader under what was termed as â€Å"The Rally of the French People.† Although he claimed that the Rally was not a political party but a national movement, it emerged as the greatest single political force in France. However, it did not attain majority status. De Gaulle still looked down on the country’s political system and left political life again in 1955. Life as a president As de Gaulle foresaw, The Fourth Republic of France fell short of meeting the requirements of the citizens of France. In 1958, due to popular demand, he was reinstated to power as the president of France (Jackson, p. 70). As the leader of the country, he opposed every move to engage France in coalitions. He fought against the establishment of the United States of Europe, the entrance of Britain into the Common Market, the paying of French dues to the United Nations, and engagement of French forces in the Atlantic Alliance integrated armies. He also came against Soviet oppression of Eastern Europe, liberated France’s colonies, and assisted the Vietnamese in resisting invention by the American s.Advertising Looking for essay on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More De Gaulle recorded immense achievements during his earlier years as president. However, when his period in office was culminating, his country was almost friendless and experienced economic difficulties. He reigned for eleven years and the French people soon started feeling the pinch of his firm hand. In April 1969, he resigned from office after the defeat of his plan for reorganizing the Senate and the regions of France and Georges Pompidou, one of his preferred lieutenants, was chosen as his successor. From then on, De Gaulle stayed away from politics until his death on November 9, 1970. Conclusion Charles de Gaulle was a leader of the French society who fiercely struggled to restore his country so that it could be identified as a global power. The efforts and decisions he made may not have been at all times right, but from his point of view, they were important for realizing his objectives. Even though he never achieved his vision of France, he made significant contributions to e nsure that his country is recognized as a global power. Blumberg, Arnold. Great leaders, great tyrants: contemporary views of world rulers who made history. Wesport: Greenwood Press, 1995. Print. Jackson, Julian. Charles de Gaulle. London: Haus Publishing Limited, 2003. Print. Pedley, Alan. As mighty as the sword: a study of the writings of Charles de Gaulle. Exeter: Elm Bank Publications, 1996. Print. Simkin, John. â€Å"Charles de Gaulle.† Spartacus Educational. n.d. Web.

Free Essays on The Plague

The Plague Around the year 542 AD a great plague came to Constantinople that so gripped the city and eventually the rest of Europe that it has altered the course of history completely. The plague reached Constantinople, the capital of Rome, during the reign of Emperor Justinian, 15 years after he took power. While we will never know the total number of people who perished from the plague it is estimated that at its height the daily death count reached 10,000 people or more. Most of the information that we have today about the Plague and its origins was written by a man named Procopius who was a legal advisor to a General named Belisarius. Procopius journeyed with Belisarius throught the Mediterranean area around the time the plague exploded. Procopius recorded his observations on how the disease effected the people, and how it ran its course, and because of his accounts, the whole of Europe eventually awakened to the reality and impending doom of the disease spreading everywhere. From the records we have today we are able to see that the first place the plague was really noticed was the Egyptian harbor town of Pelusium. The town, as most towns throughout Europe and the Mediterranean area, had a large problem with rats. Unknown to the people of that era, rats were the medium through which the disease spread from person to person, city to city, and throughout the continent. It first spread to Alexandria as it work its way northward towards Palestine. Procopius writes that the disease after that point â€Å"seemed to spread all over the world.† His perception of events was that the plague was â€Å"so overwhelming that the human race appeared close to annihilation.† As mentioned previously, the people alive in that age were not aware that the disease was being spread by rats. They had no idea how a person got infected, or how to prevent communion of the disease. The plague was caused by bacteria and parasites that lived in rats as the... Free Essays on The Plague Free Essays on The Plague The Plague Around the year 542 AD a great plague came to Constantinople that so gripped the city and eventually the rest of Europe that it has altered the course of history completely. The plague reached Constantinople, the capital of Rome, during the reign of Emperor Justinian, 15 years after he took power. While we will never know the total number of people who perished from the plague it is estimated that at its height the daily death count reached 10,000 people or more. Most of the information that we have today about the Plague and its origins was written by a man named Procopius who was a legal advisor to a General named Belisarius. Procopius journeyed with Belisarius throught the Mediterranean area around the time the plague exploded. Procopius recorded his observations on how the disease effected the people, and how it ran its course, and because of his accounts, the whole of Europe eventually awakened to the reality and impending doom of the disease spreading everywhere. From the records we have today we are able to see that the first place the plague was really noticed was the Egyptian harbor town of Pelusium. The town, as most towns throughout Europe and the Mediterranean area, had a large problem with rats. Unknown to the people of that era, rats were the medium through which the disease spread from person to person, city to city, and throughout the continent. It first spread to Alexandria as it work its way northward towards Palestine. Procopius writes that the disease after that point â€Å"seemed to spread all over the world.† His perception of events was that the plague was â€Å"so overwhelming that the human race appeared close to annihilation.† As mentioned previously, the people alive in that age were not aware that the disease was being spread by rats. They had no idea how a person got infected, or how to prevent communion of the disease. The plague was caused by bacteria and parasites that lived in rats as the...

Timeline of Greek and Roman Philosophers

Timeline of Greek and Roman Philosophers What was the first cause of our existence? What is real? What is the purpose of our lives? Questions like these have become the basis of the study known as philosophy. While these questions were addressed in ancient times through religion, the process of logically and methodically thinking through lifes big questions did not begin until about the 7th century BCE. As different groups of philosophers worked together, they developed schools or approaches to philosophy. These schools described the origins and purpose of existence in very different ways. Individual philosophers within each school had their own particular ideas. The Pre-Socratic philosophers are the earliest of the philosophers. Their concern was not so much with the topics of ethics and knowledge that modern people associate with philosophy, but concepts we might associate with physics.  Empedocles and Anaxagoras are counted as Pluralists, who believed there is more than one basic element from which everything is composed. Leucippus and Democritus are Atomists. More or less following the Pre-Socratics came the trio of Socrates-Plato-Aristotle, the schools of the Cynics, Skeptics, Stoics, and Epicureans. The Milesian School: 7th-6th Centuries BCE Miletus was an ancient Greek Ionian city-state on the western coast of Asia Minor in today’s Turkey. The Milesian School consisted of Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes (all from Miletus). The three are sometimes described as materialists, because they believed that all things derived from a single material. Thales (636-546 BCE): Thales was certainly a real historical individual, but very little evidence remains of his work or writing. He believed that the first cause of all things was water, and may have written two treatises entitled On the Solstice and On the Equinox, focusing on his astronomical observation. He may also have developed several significant mathematical theorems. It is likely that his work strongly influenced Aristotle and Plato.Anaximander (c.611-c.547 BCE): Unlike Thales, his mentor, Anaximander actually wrote materials can be credited to his name. Like Thales, he believed that just one material was the source of all thingsbut Anaximander called that one thing the boundless or infinite. His ideas may well have strongly influenced Plato.Anaximenes (d. c. 502 BCE): Anaximenes may well have been a student of Anaximander. Like the other two Milesians, Anaximenes believed that a single substance was the source of all things. His choice for that substance was the air. Accor ding to Anaximenes, when the air becomes finer, it becomes fire, when it is condensed, it becomes first wind, then cloud, then water, then earth, then stone. The Eleatic School: 6th and 5th centuries BCE Xenophanes, Parmenides, and Zeno of Elea were members of the Eleatic School (named for its location in Elea, a Greek colony in southern Italy). They rejected the idea of many gods and questioned the idea that there is one reality. Xenophanes of Colophon (c. 570-480 BCE): Xenophanes rejected the anthropomorphic deities and considered there to be one incorporeal god. Xenophanes may have asserted that men may have beliefs, but they dont have certain knowledge.Parmenides of Elea (c. 515-c. 445 BCE): Parmenides believed that nothing comes into being because everything must derive from something that already exists.Zeno of Elea, (c. 490-c. 430 BCE): Zeno of Elea (in southern Italy) was known for his intriguing puzzles and paradoxes. Pre-Socratic and Socratic Philosophers of the 6th and 5th Centuries BCE Anaxagoras of Clazomenae(c. 499-c. 428)Greek philosopherProtagoras(480-411)Greek philosopher SophistSocrates(c. 469-399)Greek philosopherPlato(c. 427-347)Greek philosopherDiogenes of Sinope(412-323)Greek philosopher Philosophers of the 4th Century BCE Aristotle(384-322)Greek philosopherEpicurus(341-271)Greek philosopherEuclid(c. 325-265)Greek mathematicianAristarchos(c. 310-250)Greek astronomer Philosophers of the 3rd Century BCE Chrysippus(c. 280-207)Hellenistic philosopherEratosthenes(276-194)Hellenistic astronomer Philosophers of the 2nd Century BCE Panaetius(c. 185-110)Stoic and Neo-Platonic PhilosopherLucretius(c. 98-55)Roman poet and Epicurean philosopher Philosophers of the 1st Century CE Epictetus(50 - 138)Roman philosopherMarcus Aurelius(121-180)Roman emperor and philosopher Philosophers of the 3rd Century CE Plotinus(c. 204-270)Greco-roman philosopher Philosophers of the 4th Century CE Hypatia of Alexandria(c. 370-415)Alexandrian philosopher Philosophers of the 4th Century CE Boethius(480-525)Philosopher and Christian martyr who was called the last of the Romans.

EVALUATING CHILDHOOD OBESITY IN THE LONDON BOROUGH OF WESTMINSTER THE Essay

EVALUATING CHILDHOOD OBESITY IN THE LONDON BOROUGH OF WESTMINSTER THE MOST AFFECTED AREAS ARE THE SOUTH AND THE NORTHERN PART - Essay Example Although the borough is the third most prosperous, it has specific parts that are most affected by poverty and deprivation. High deprivation levels have been associated with high levels of obesity, and in Westminster, there is severe deprivation in the south and North West. The lower layer super output areas, which are about 14% of its neighbourhoods, are in the top 10% most deprived. Half of the population ho are classified as deprived come from Churchill, estbourne, Harrow Road, Queen’s Park, and Church Street. 24% of the children in Westminster live in severe poverty. This is due to various social and economic inequalities (Findlay, Yeowart & Kail, 2012). Westminster has the highest levels of obesity compared to all other boroughs with a level of 39.4%. This paper is an evaluation of childhood obesity in Westminster. It has described the determinants of childhood obesity in an urban setting which reflects the determinants in Westminster, the consequences of the condition, and strategies and interventions of management. Information obtained for the strategies and intervention in relation to determinants’ section informs the conclusion and recommendation. In 2006, the level of obesity in Westminster was already high. A third of the children were obese or overweight. 39 out of 40 primary schools in Westminster were assessed to find out the level of obesity among five-six year olds, and nine-ten year olds. Results showed that 18% of these children were obese; 32% were either overweight or obese, and 14% were overweight. The level of obesity was highest among children of six years, and that obesity level was still going up. Because of such findings schools initiated programs that were to ensure reduced obesity levels. These were; healthy eating and physical activity programs (GP News, 2006). In 2011, the obesity rates had gone up, with the boys being at a higher risk. Westminster had a

Matrix Factorization Techniques for Recommendation Systems (Netflix Research Paper

Matrix Factorization Techniques for Recommendation Systems (Netflix Prize) - Research Paper Example We will also describe an incremental variant of the MF that effectively undertakes new users and rating that is fundamental within the real life recommender system. A hybrid MF-neighbor based method is further discussed in regard to advancing the prevailing performance of the MF. The proposed methods are mainly examined on the Netflix Prize dataset and mainly depict that they can be accomplish very favorable Quiz RMSE, which is the best sole method :0.8904, combination: 0.8841 and corresponding running time. The Netflix Prize competition of 2006 showed that the Matrix Factorization techniques are greater to archetypal closest-neighbour techniques in the production of product recommendations and lets the inclusion of extra material like inherent feedbacks, self-assurance levels and chronological effects. There are floods of choices for contemporary consumers. Electronic dealers and content suppliers offer a vast choice of products with exceptional openings to meet a range of distinct needs and preferences. As a trend observed of late, more retailers have had an exponential positive change in interest to many purchasers with the most fitting products which is vital in the enhancement of user content and loyalty. In so doing, it evaluates trends of customer interests to offer rather custom-made recommendations which are in accordance to customer preference (Ricci, 124-198). Netflix, an e-commerce leader has recommender structures as prominent fragments of its website that are observantly b eneficial for music, movies and TV shows. Quite a huge number of users will check a similar movie while each and every one of the users views various dissimilar movies. These users have shown the will to indicate their satisfaction levels with specific movies and thus a massive volume of data is available about what particular movies charm which users. Various known corporations analyze the available information to provide a recommendation on movies particular to

Discuss the ways in which recent work in areas related to Essay

Discuss the ways in which recent work in areas related to organisational theory have challenged or contributed to conventional understandings of the subject - Essay Example The persons working for a profitable organisation will receive rewards in the form of salaries. If it is a non profitable organisation like The Salvation Army then the rewards could simply be prestige, social interaction or just the satisfaction of helping others.. â€Å"An organisation is a group that makes up a legal entity which has boundaries, holds responsibilities to others, can be liable for all sorts of damages, and thus can be taken to court if they conduct their business in an inappropriate manner which goes against morals, has ill effects on individuals or other organisations† (Evan Sycamnias - Evolution of organisational theory). All groups are not organisations. Consider the case of a football or cricket team. Even though they form a group and work for a common aim to win the matches, they cannot be referred as an organisation. It can be considered as a sub group of an organisation, the football club. The goals of an organisation are difficult to define. From a sociological perspective we could think of organisations as providing services, generating wealth and providing infrastructure to the members of the society. The goals of organisations are multi- faceted and not readily amenable to definition. In order to make a group an organisation the group should follow certain criteria. The group should be properly registered under the government authorities who will provide them the registration codes and other details. An organisation is thus become a legal entity and will have certain responsibilities and duties which abide the by the laws and regulations of the country. Organisational culture can be defined as of the shared knowledge, values, and beliefs of the members of the organisation. Organisations can be of two types: Profitable and non profitable organisations. Multinational corporate companies or manufactures of certain product or services can be called as profitable organisations. Salvation Army, LTTE in Sri

DDS Consulting Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

DDS Consulting - Case Study Example The growth of DSS is as a result of the complex challenges that faced the small school back in 1990s. This comes as the complex challenges forced the school districts to reduce the administrative cost thus calling for a consultation firm or specialist to solve the situation. DSS responded to its growth by subdividing it organs into different practice department mandate to perform distinct duties. These include the information technology, procurement, and system, facilities planning and contract negotiation. The activities of the different department took place with the help and contribution of its members. That is, a selected manager who reports to the general manager of the company heads each department. However, the groups are subjected to get any technical support from the external sources, for instance in case of any query on the way to apply a certain strategy an individual or group should seek assistance from the specialist and the general manager. The manner or the level of un derstanding and cohesiveness amongst the member determines the effectiveness and efficiency of the groups. Situation - Change at DSS How DSS unfreezes old behaviors and moving to a new system The transition of DSS consulting was triggered by the changes of the management strategies. This after the founder decided to cut back the engagement of the management of the organization. The new appointed chief operating offer took the duties and responsibilities of overseeing the entire transition process. She instructed the establishment of a new system that is she felt that it is important to expand the organization operation beyond the traditional customer and strive to deliver more services to the target group (large districts). Its objective was accomplished through the development of new reorganizing and service in a customer-focused and cross-functional approach. The two phases of change, and discuss how this transition influenced Chris, her team, and the feedback she received from Me g. The first phase of change in the company took place immediately after the founder cut back their engagement and involvement in the company. The action of the founders forced Meg to come up with strategic planning on how to maintain the company’s position and realization of its success. The chief operating officers therefore went ahead to promote Chris as the head of the Southwest Region team. The other phase of changes that took place is the decision by Meg to transform the organization’s operation that is her decision to reorganize the departments into a cross- functional team entitled to work on different projects. This influenced the realization of the company’s objective due to the commitment of the member of the group. The team members welcomed the new system because it gave room for diverse ideologies target common goals, which in turn was evident through some positive feedback from the districts and the specialist. Mega also supported the changes and c ommented Chris efforts to work as a group despite the many challenges they encountered. The feedback from Meg was not the expected result after the hard and committed of the group but the group went ahead in accomplishing the projects into the beta testing. Situation: Manager Profile (Chris) Identify the management functions that best reflect Meg’s strengths. Meg stands out as a strong manager with

Should We Raise or Lower Minimum wage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Should We Raise or Lower Minimum wage - Essay Example Almost two-thirds of minimum wage workers do not proceed beyond high school education. Thus, they prefer working under the minimum wage plan because they lack the productivity which can command higher pay from their employers (Autor 11). The debate of increasing the minimum wage is not new; it has been on the limelight for quite some time. The first minimum wage rule was 25 cents an hour that was set in 1938. The latest increment was done in 2009 where it was raised to $7.25 an hour in July 2009. When we increase the minimum wages for less skilled worker, it means that we have started appreciating them, and it would be part of rewarding and respecting the dignity they deserve. It would have a big role in improving their living standards, as well as that of their families.By increasing the minimum wage, we begin to restore the dignity of work and taking care the wellbeing of these people who are in (Autor 62). David Neumark an economist researched on the issue and came up with the conclusion that when increasing the minimum wage it reduced employment for the lowest skilled workers. However, he noted that this improved for long term, resulting to job growth (Mishel 28). With the increase of standards of living among the American citizens, somebody would argue that raising the minimum wages is of significance towards the improvement and recovery of the economy. Those in favour of raising the minimum wages have an approach that this can lead to lower turnover of employees in the organization and the employees become more loyal. The federal government of USA minimum wage is currently $7.25 an hour, and the there has been mounting pressure for the congress to increase the minimum wage up to $10.10 an hour. Those in favour of raising the minimum wages argue that wage increment would lead to a larger stimulus effect, with the demand of goods and services increasing as a result of higher purchasing power of the working class. Consequently, it is this industry that

DDS Consulting Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

DDS Consulting - Case Study Example The growth of DSS is as a result of the complex challenges that faced the small school back in 1990s. This comes as the complex challenges forced the school districts to reduce the administrative cost thus calling for a consultation firm or specialist to solve the situation. DSS responded to its growth by subdividing it organs into different practice department mandate to perform distinct duties. These include the information technology, procurement, and system, facilities planning and contract negotiation. The activities of the different department took place with the help and contribution of its members. That is, a selected manager who reports to the general manager of the company heads each department. However, the groups are subjected to get any technical support from the external sources, for instance in case of any query on the way to apply a certain strategy an individual or group should seek assistance from the specialist and the general manager. The manner or the level of un derstanding and cohesiveness amongst the member determines the effectiveness and efficiency of the groups. Situation - Change at DSS How DSS unfreezes old behaviors and moving to a new system The transition of DSS consulting was triggered by the changes of the management strategies. This after the founder decided to cut back the engagement of the management of the organization. The new appointed chief operating offer took the duties and responsibilities of overseeing the entire transition process. She instructed the establishment of a new system that is she felt that it is important to expand the organization operation beyond the traditional customer and strive to deliver more services to the target group (large districts). Its objective was accomplished through the development of new reorganizing and service in a customer-focused and cross-functional approach. The two phases of change, and discuss how this transition influenced Chris, her team, and the feedback she received from Me g. The first phase of change in the company took place immediately after the founder cut back their engagement and involvement in the company. The action of the founders forced Meg to come up with strategic planning on how to maintain the company’s position and realization of its success. The chief operating officers therefore went ahead to promote Chris as the head of the Southwest Region team. The other phase of changes that took place is the decision by Meg to transform the organization’s operation that is her decision to reorganize the departments into a cross- functional team entitled to work on different projects. This influenced the realization of the company’s objective due to the commitment of the member of the group. The team members welcomed the new system because it gave room for diverse ideologies target common goals, which in turn was evident through some positive feedback from the districts and the specialist. Mega also supported the changes and c ommented Chris efforts to work as a group despite the many challenges they encountered. The feedback from Meg was not the expected result after the hard and committed of the group but the group went ahead in accomplishing the projects into the beta testing. Situation: Manager Profile (Chris) Identify the management functions that best reflect Meg’s strengths. Meg stands out as a strong manager with

US Army Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

US Army - Essay Example A) Supporting evidence – The leader’s self confidence and effectiveness positively impacts team performance (Stephen, 2011). B) Explanation – This statement was completely true in the team that I belong too. The leader was instrumental in inspiring the team to achieve a higher level of performance. C) So what? – I firmly believe that if our team leader was not so inspiring and effective the team would not perform so well. Body Paragraph II: Topic sentence - Communication is an extremely important aspect of group work. A) Supporting evidence - â€Å"Communication traits are an individual's verbal and nonverbal behaviors that explain the individual's consistency in message sending and receiving† (Anderson & Martin, 1999). B) Explanation – The article described different ways in which verbal and non verbal communication affects small teams. C) So what? The team that I was a part of created its own nonverbal communication language. Body Paragraph III: Topic sentence - Task and maintenance roles played a big part in the functionality of the team. Tasks roles help get the job done, while maintenance roles provide the oil for the machinery (Srds). ... Verbal and nonverbal communications are important to send and receive messages effectively during conversations. Task and maintenance roles are a way that groups are able to achieve their desire outcome The group that I will describe is a special task force group which I belong too at a former employer. The group was composed of five members. The size of the group was adequate. The purpose of the group was to brainstorm ideas for new products. The group was extremely effective. The first attribute that made the group so successful was the presence of a tremendous team leader. The team leader had superb communication, leadership, and people skills. She made everyone feel that their opinions and input were valuable. All the team members got along well and they supported each others ideas. One of the primary reasons that the group was so effective was due to the fact that the group was able to achieve synergy. Synergy occurs when the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. Three cha racteristics that made the team effective were leadership, effective verbal and nonverbal communication, and clearly defined tasks and maintenance roles. The team leader was very flexible and from time to time she let the other members take charge of the group to help them develop their leadership skills. This enabled other team members to develop their leadership skills. Everyone on the team was very responsible, attentive to details, and they delivered their work tasks on a timely manner. Absenteeism among team members to meetings was minimal and rarely would a team member arrive late. Team meetings were held during and after work hours. The meetings after work hours were informal and its purpose was to socialize more than to do actual work. The team

Arthur Millers A View from the Bridge Essay Example for Free

Arthur Millers A View from the Bridge Essay In Arthur Millers A View from the Bridge, the character of Alfieri can be described as the hidden leading role. He bears several roles, most of them more significant than assumed by the casual reader. His dual-role onstage as a character who interacts both with other characters and the audience provides him with the responsibility of bringing about some understanding to the events of the play, while his background makes him the vital link between two conflicting cultures. Alfieri is the symbolic bridge between American constitutional law and Italian social law. The son of a Sicilian, he was raised in America and pursued an education in American law, providing him with a suitable dose of both backgrounds. Like a bridge, Alfieri connects with both shores. Like a bridge, Alfieri leans on the solid foundations of both cultures. But also like a bridge, Alfieri is elevated above, and therefore watches more often than he interferes. Hence the title A View from the Bridge. The whole play is Alfieris perception of the events that took place. It is almost a secondary source that is, a collection of primary sources with his personal interpretation mixed in at relevant moments but it isnt a complete secondary source, because there are significant times during the play when Alfieri himself is involved. Alfieri provides vital continuity at points in the play when the story cannot be told in any way other than narration. One example is on page 31, once the cousins have arrived and all the characters have been introduced, Eddie visits him for legal advice, for a legal way to prevent a Catherine/Rodolfo marriage. Alfieri provides literal descriptions of a storyline which, up until now, has been conveyed only through physical actions and behaviour. His eyes were like tunnels, describes Eddies single, unchangeable aim, whereas but soon I saw it was only a passion that had moved into his body, like a stranger describes how clear it was to Alfieri that Eddie was possessed by his motive. There is also an element of foreshadowing in my first though was that he had committed a crime this phrase also reiterates that the events of the play have already taken place. There are further examples of continuity to promote understanding, provided by Alfieri, throughout the play. Give some of these. As mentioned earlier, the play is Alfieris story, told by Alfieri. As such, and based on the important bridge position he maintains, he has attempted to present the story from a reasonable, objective point a view, a point of view that would suit his position. However, he is awestruck by the events that played out, and tells much of the story as a legend. On page 4, every few years there is still a case, andthe flat air in my office suddenly washes in with the green scent of the sea, the dust in this air is blown away and the thought comes thatanother lawyersat there as powerless as I, and watched it run its bloody course is reflective of this. Alfieri considers the Eddie Carbone case to be a case of exception, one that triggers the romantic feelings he describes in the quotation. As a result, even though one of Alfieris roles in the play is to bring about some form of understanding to a potentially incomprehensible storyline, this quotation shows that the character of Alfieri is not an emotionless, robot-like narrator, but a real human, with a natural tendency to tell magnificent stories with an element of excitement. This can also be seen in his closing remarks on page 64, where he admits to mourning Eddie. Hes only human, and hes torn between sympathy and pity. He is a bridge between two cultures, and he cannot make a choice to devote himself completely to one side. It is the job of a bridge to link two sides together. Similarly, it is his job to maintain a link between the American and Italian cultures, yet he is torn between the two. Here we truly see Alfieris dual-character, making him both a narrator and a character.

The Wizard of Oz-Beyond the Yellow Brick Road

The Wizard of Oz-Beyond the Yellow Brick Road â€Å"Toto, I have a feeling were not in Kansas anymore,† claims Dorothy Gale as she explores her new world of lively color in the Land of Oz. The film The Wizard of Oz, adapted from L. Frank Baums childrens book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, released in movie theaters in 1939 and nominated for an Oscar Award for Best Cinematography and Color (The Internet Movie Database).The famous musical tells a story of a young girl Dorothy who gets lost in the Land of Oz and travels long and far to the Emerald City. At the Emerald City, she finds the Wizard of Oz, who she hopes will help her get back home to Kansas. On her journey she befriends the Scarecrow, the Tinman, and the Cowardly Lion; at the same time, she must also avoid the Wicked Witch of the West who tries to take Dorothys enchanted ruby slippers. The Wizard of Oz has a unique characteristic in that it was one of the first films to include Technicolor (The Internet Movie Database). Transitioning into colored films became an imp ortant event in film history. The movie industry now had the technology capable of filming in sound and color, which dynamically influences a movie. The Wizard of Oz contains many colorful items that play key roles in the film: the yellow brick road, Dorothys ruby slippers, and the Emerald City. One might find it intriguing to learn that since the idea of Technicolor has been applied, certain colors symbolize important ideas. Although many viewers enjoy watching The Wizard of Oz and may think nothing more of it but as a mere fairy tale classic, the use of Technicolor conveyed many aspects about American history in the early 1900s including racial issues, economic issues, and political issues. Colors were used as a technique to represent social classes or certain races. Once Dorothy steps out of her house after the twister, she stares in awe at the vibrant colors of Munchkinland. These colors help the audience to determine the protagonist and antagonists. For instance, the Wicked Witch of the West and her Winkies, the guardians of the castle, have green skin, unlike those who appear to be human like Dorothy. The differences in color tie to the â€Å"public discourse on race in 1900† (Ritter 173). These references to racial disputes reflected the times in the early 1900s, or post Civil War. While recovering from the Civil War, many former African American slaves struggled to continue living their lives now that Abraham Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation has been established. They had the opportunity to find jobs, but still had difficulty merging with the white community. Baum published The Wonderful Wizard of Oz in 1900 and incorporated racial (social) issues at that certain point in time in order to point out that there existed a segregated culture. Historians refer to the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century as the Gilded Age, an era which featured concerns about social change (190).The movie depicts the differences among the groups of characters and displays how they do not cooperate well together. Another example of utilizing color to express a change in social class is coloring the Emerald City. As Dorothy and her friends trot along the yellow brick road, the film captures the Emerald Citys elegant, resplendent towers from afar; the city itself has magnificent structures radiant in green splendor. Baum associates the people of the Emerald City as well as the Wizard of Oz with the color â€Å"wealthy green . . . [as] . . . selfish, st ingy, and false,† (184) which in the end, the Wizard proves to be when he does not keep his promise to help Dorothy and her newfound friends. The reference to green does not indicate that a certain race is selfish; rather, it exemplifies the idea that at this time in history, serious turmoil existed between different cultures and races. Overall, color orientation enables the audience to understand relationships among the characters. The film also uses Technicolor to recognize the economic crisis occurring during the late nineteenth century, referred to as the Gilded Age and during Americas Great Depression. In the beginning and end of the motion picture, Dorothy is back home in Kansas, where the setting is set in a bronze, sepia color, unlike the Land of Oz, containing all the colors of the rainbow. The overall look of Kansas is â€Å"bleak. . . [including] . . . the house, people, and prairie . . .[which] . . . are all ‘dull and gray† (177). The dramatic contrast in colors between Kansas and the Land of Oz shows how dismal and depressed the residents of Kansas felt while suffering from the poor economy; this represents the dismay many farmers experienced in the United States during the early 1900s. In the film, Dorothy comes from Kansas, where there reside clusters of independent farmers. Baum published The Wonderful Wizard of Oz in 1900, the â€Å"cusp between the decline of Populism and producer ism and the rise of consumerism and corporate liberalism† (198). At this time, many farmers created labor movements due to devastating droughts (198). In 1939, â€Å"Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer brought the Oz tale to screen in vivid color . . . [while] . . . the nation was recuperating from the depression and preparing itself for the challenge of World War II† (199). Color made an impact on the audience in that it inspired them to regain hope that â€Å"[America] would emerge, as Dorothy did, stronger for the difficulties they faced and overcame† (199). In the movie, transitioning from black and white to bright colors allows the audience to relate to Dorothy. The black and white setting represents America during the Great Depression. When Dorothy, representing the common people, is in the Land of Oz, she overcomes her obstacles, which represents America overcoming World War II. The use of color gives off a sense of optimism for the audience about the troubles that lay ahead. Many noticeable items in the movie play a key role in Dorothys journey, but also correspond to important political ideas. In fact, â€Å"The economic and political tumult of the 1880s and 1890s was reflected in competing cultural understandings of American society† (198). Glinda, the Witch of the North, explains to Dorothy that the Wizard of Oz can help her find her way home to Kansas. In order to reach the Wizard of Oz, she must follow the yellow brick road that leads her to the Emerald City, found in the center of the Land of Oz. The yellow brick road symbolizes the gold standard, the current form of currency (Rockoff 746). Many financial reformers â€Å"criticized the gold standard and the National Banking System [. . .] for favoring industrial over agricultural development† (191). Many have analyzed both the movie and book and have interpreted it as a monetary allegory about Populists (Hansen 254). Dorothy represents the Populist Party, while the yellow brick road that leads to the Emerald City signifies Washington, D.C., â€Å"controlled by the ‘Money Power and gold traders† (Ritter 194). Even though the yellow brick road shows Dorothy the way to the Wizard, she still does not find her solution of returning home when she arrives. Very much like a moment in history, this event correlates to the decline of the Populists who cried out to government in dire need for help with crops and farmland. For example, a group of â€Å"unemployed men, suffering under the economic depression of the 1890s, [. . .] marched from Ohio to Washington to demand work and relief, but [. . .] were dispersed rather than rewarded† (183). Dorothys journey and this small group of men are alike in that both parties sought for help, but never initially received any. In t he Emerald City, the significance of the color green relates to greenbacks, or paper money, which many people of the United States referred to as â€Å"a form of false value† (184). This color coding can also relate back to the Wizard. The Wizard of Oz provides important historical references that took place in the United States of America. The movie allows us to escape from reality and discover somewhere over the rainbow a fantasy dreamland where adventure and excitement await us. The magic of The Wizard of Oz has an indelible memory to all ages, throughout the ages. As one of the most notable films in pop culture, the motion picture has obtained many outstanding awards thanks to an unforgettable cast and crew. Not only does the film remain a Hollywood classic, but it serves as historical documentation. As technology has progressed throughout time, the film has used the latest advances of Technicolor to produce a meaningful piece of artwork embedded with racial, economic, and political references. No matter what type of audience views the movie, each individual can relate to the idea that despite ongoing conflicts, â€Å"theres no place like home.†

The Brain and The Origins Of Violence Essay -- Biology Essays Research

Is The Brain To Blame? Searching For The Origins Of Violence From the dawning of man, violence has always been one of the defining characteristics of humankind. Throughout all of history we see evidence of man's tendencies toward acting violently in response to his emotions - everything from anger, fear, to just plain enjoyment. But to where can we trace the true origin of violence, the place where it all begins? Does the root of violence stem from societal and cultural values or can we point the finger at a deeper cause, one with a neurobiological basis? Can we successfully predict the violent tendencies in individuals, and if so, how? And if there is a biological basis for violent behavior, where does that leave our society and our methods of control? These were the questions I sought to have answered. Before we can begin to answer these questions, however, we must first recognize that not all acts of violence are the same. Certainly the child that throws his toys across the room in anger does not compare to the serial rapist who takes pleasure in attacking women. However since we are primarily interested in tracing the roots of violent behavior, it would be most helpful to look back to the time when our thoughts and actions were only beginning to be shaped, when our minds were impressionable and constantly curious - our childhood. And so we will examine the three main categories of violence observed in childhood - community and school violence, media-related violence, and violence in the home (1) - so that we may begin to paint a picture of the environment in which the violent individual is born. It is no secret that violence in the schools and community has frighteningly been on the rise in America. In fact, from ... ... to no signs of violence at all. I have also learned that though we cannot as a just society judge people on the basis of what they may or may not do, we can use the various studies conducted to help in developing ways to control the violence that already exists. Perhaps in doing so, we can restructure our society to be one that is less violent, less threatening, and more fit for our future generations. WWW Sources 1)Violence and Childhood: How Persisting Fear Can Alter the Developing Child's Brain http://www.bcm.edu/cta/Vio_child.htm 2) Incubated in Terror: Neurodevelopmental Factors in the 'Cycle of Violence' http://www.bcm.edu/cta/incubated1.htm 3)Brain Study Sheds Light on Impulsive Violence , on the Science Daily website http://www.sciencedaily.com/ 4)Caution Urged for Brain Research on Violence http://hoinguoivietmi.20m.com/August.htm

Michael D Nobles

Attention: HR Manager Boeing Re: Aviation Technician Opening Dear Sir/Madam: In response to your recent advertisement for an Aviation Technician, I have enclosed a copy of my resume for your review. As you will note, I have spent the past couple of years in the combined areas of ground Transportation, Towing logistics, Security, Alarm, Safety and Emergency systems installation and maintenance and I am looking to maximize my technical and mechanical skills to further business goals and bottom-line objectives. I am seeking to transition to the aviation field and to support this goal I am currently enrolled at the South Seattle Community College where I am pursuing my Aviation Maintenance Technology (AMT) degree. In my candidacy, you will find: A perfect safety record as well as an outstanding Technical and Mechanical Aptitude A team oriented professional with a positive work ethic and deep commitment to providing excellent results A track record of excellent performance as an employee at my various places of employment The proven ability to build genuine rapport I would like the opportunity to meet with you personally where we may further discuss your organization's requirements and my qualifications. I can be reached at home on (425) 793-6223 or on my cell phone: (425) 679-2079. I may also be contacted via email at [email  protected] Thank you for taking the time to review my resume and I look forward to hearing from you soon. Sincerely, Michael D Nobles Enclosure

Navitas Kaplan Case Essay

The competition relationship between the Navitas and Kaplan is based on high educational service. They both play an important role at own educational fields and geographical fields. According to Brandenburger and Nalebuffs Value Net model Assume that Navitas is the company and Kaplan is one of competitors of Navitas. Most of customers are international students because of the target market of the Navitas. And the suppliers can be universities that have a positive relation with the Navitas such as Griffith University. Moreover, complementor can be student accommodation, good transport connections and appropriate shopping facilities such as a post office in the school. Additionally, the value of Navitas wants to add which is customer loyalty, and it is implemented very well. There is an increasingly number of international students especially Chinese students and Indian students are attracted to entry Navitas for Language improvement and preparation of university. Rules specify ways of attracting customers with strategies such as tuition fee of price-matching. Tactics are the practices sometimes used to take away a competitors possible market share, for example, Navitas provides university pathways programs. Scope is the final part, used to take a broader prospective and create links between competitors games and interests and see how co-opetition can benefit the players. Also, using the 5Qs (pp. 32-33) assess 2. What is Navitas business strategy How well is it performing Navitas business strategy 5Qs What amount of growth and level of profitability does the organisation plan to achieve It wants to grow and be quite profitable. What products and services does it plan to produce Its services are programs leading to higher education in English-speaking countries. What customer and geographic markets does it plan to service Its customers are students, especially international students. What generic strategy does it plan to follow to position itself uniquely against competitors It focuses to form relationships with established, highly credible universities. What position does it plan to hold in the future It wants to be universally recognised as the most trusted global learning organisation in the world. Navitas is a diversified global education provides that offers an extensive range of educational service for students and professionals including university programs, language courses, workforce education and student recruitment. By 2009, the company had become the largest private provider of international pathway students to Australian  universities. Moreover, the goal of the company is expanding its initial position as a university pathway program to a global education provider. Additionally, the corporate strategy of Navitas is to create seamless education pathways for students. Besides, most of Navitass colleges were also located at or near university campuses, providing students with convenience and at the same time leveraging the reputation of university. Due to Navitas also provides English language courses for most low IELTS grades international students before they enter university, the competitors fail to attract more international students. In the future, Navitas prefer to increase and strengthen relations with oversea universities and local campus expansion, and the important point is still focus on international students education. 3. What is Kaplans corporate strategy What is its business strategy in Australia How well is it performing Kaplans corporate strategy Kaplan wants to grow reasonably rapidly and be profitab le. It is a related corporation. All businesses of the corporation relate to each other. The businesses are all in the education and training areas, particularly in business-related or professional areas. The position that Kaplan wants to achieve is to be one of the worlds largest diversified education companies. What amount of growth and level of profitability does the organisation plan to achieve What products and services does it plan to produce What customer and geographic markets does it plan to service What generic strategy does it plan to follow to position itself uniquely against competitors What position does it plan to hold in the future The mission of Kaplan is to help people achieve their educational and careers goals. Kaplan wants to grow in both breadth and depth of education offerings to cover the need of individuals throughout their lifetime, such as test preparations and admissions, kids and schools, meanwhile expanded and increased professional development programs in Australia as quick as possible as well as appointed chief executive of Kaplan Australia to oversee the companys expansion in the country. 4. To what extent is Kaplan a threat to Navitas What should Navitas do to address this Clearly Kaplan and Navitas are competitive relationship in Australia, especially the expansion of Kaplan in Australia is a direct challenge to Nacitass position in the educational market. Kaplan has found its way to make an agreement with a Go8 university whereas Navitas has struggled to get entry to this group. It would signal that Kaplans services  may be better than Navitas in quality terms. It is a negative impact for Navitas in the education industry. Navitas should seek to grow internationally, trying to increase the international market share to make itself more famous and more attractive. On the other hand, Navitas should try to make an agreement with Go8 universities to steady the market share in Australia. 5. To what extent is Navitas a threat to Kaplan What should Kaplan do to address this Navitas entry into the US market is an threat to Kaplan. However, thus the US market is so large and the universities that Navitas is dealing with are not attractive enough, Navitas is difficult to cause any future threat to Kaplan. At this stage, it seems that it is not necessary for Kaplan to worry about the threat from Navitas. Kaplan should maintain the quality of service in US market and pay more attention to expand other markets. 6. To what extent do Navitas, Kaplan and similar organisations threaten existing government higher education institutions, such as universities and TAFEs The organizations like Navitas and Kaplan play multiple roles which can be competitor and complementor with existing government higher education institutions. They share student resource and built own brands to attract them. Moreover, overseas students are more profitable than domestic students. Universities are able to charge full-fees for overseas students, while most domestic placements attract a lower fee. Hence, Navitas and Kaplan pay more attention on the international educational markets, but TAFEs prefer to train professional skills to domestic students for their future careers. The difference of target market of these universities can be operated by them to maximize profits. 7. What should universities do to address this The university should improve the quality of its own service and programs, to be more customer-focused. Moreover, university can work with these profit-based organisations and clearly delineate which services and programs each should provide.

Progressive Era Dbq

Charlie Shinske During the Progressive Era, pressure from labor, suffrage, and conservation movements profoundly changed the course of American history. Many of the reformers' ideas clashed with the male-dominated, capitalist economic structure present at the turn of the century. Some of the intended reforms opposed the current system, but the level of social unrest necessitated change. Businessmen and activists alike initiated the reforms during the Progressive Era.Government, due to the intention of calming the common man and quieting the seemingly more and more vocal middle  class, supported them from the year 1900 to 1920, Progressive Era reformers were successful in bringing about reform to the United States. Socially, America was gaining strength, with women such as Jane Addams, a women's rights activist, entering the progressive fight. The percent of eligible voters who cast ballots in Presidential elections were at a somewhat steady rate from 1904 to 1916, ranging from 59-6 5%, but in the 1920 election, only 49% of eligible voters actually cast ballots. Document J) Although some may argue that the percent decrease was due to most Americans not liking any of the elected Presidential candidates, and therefore not voting this is untrue because this was the first election in which women could vote, which threw of the ratio of voters and non-voters. In addition, all four candidates running for the title of President, Debs, Roosevelt, Wilson, and Taft, were all progressives, and wanted to reduce the number of trusts. This gave all voters, men or women, some incentive to vote.In the end of the election, Woodrow Wilson won, but not with the majority. During Wilson's presidency, some women spoke out saying that Wilson was â€Å"oppressing† them, and compared themselves to people being oppressed by Kaiser that were living Germany. (Document H) many female rights activists saw the government as putting them down that is why the passing of the 19th amendmen t caused such an uproar, women agreed and were excited with their new found power, but men were not happy (mostly because women promoted prohibition).During this thirty year period in American history our country made major strides in working conditions, moral values, and where we stood in the world’s commerce. We now had a wealthy middle class that could sort of fend for themselves and we were working on making sure that the food we ate and the water we drank was healthy enough for us to drink. The U. S. was starting to boom, then came the depression.

U.S. Customs and Border Patrol's Role in Information Security Essay

U.S. Customs and Border Patrol's Role in Information Security - Essay Example   Since a long time the Congress has identified that there is a requirement of a border security system which would gather data regarding the overseas citizens coming in and out of the United States and which would also recognize the persons who are overstaying their visits. In 1996 there was the implementation of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (Newton, 2008) in the United States which was one of the legislative attempts for the creation of an entry-exit control mechanism which were to be used for recording and matching entries and exits of the overseas citizens who travelled to the United States. One of the requirements of this act is to see that there is integration by the entry-exit system of the foreign entries and exit data that is recorded in the databases of the Department of Justice and State Department. Following the attacks of 9/11, there have been more laws addressing the use of biometric technology within a foreign arrival departure control mechanism. For instance, there is the USA Patriot Act (Scheppler, 2005) which authorizes that such a mechanism should have the ability of interfacing with other law enforcement associations, and also that the system makes use of biometric technology and files which are tamper-resistant. Other than this, there is a requirement by the Aviation and Transport Security Act for the airplanes to electronically transfer apparent data for each of the intercontinental flight passengers and the crew members to the Commissioner of Customs prior to the plane landing at an airport in the United States. Additionally, there is the Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act which has the requirement of using biometrics in the files for traveling and this act expands the passenger entry apparent needs in the Aviation and Transportation Security Act to t he ships as well as to the air and sea exits.   

Pv system 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pv system 2 - Coursework Example Semi conductors are used in photovoltaic cells to provide voltage as a result of light. The semiconductor absorbs the light thereby knocking electrons and letting them flow freely. This is a typical conversion of light to electricity at atomic level. The suns power originates from the fusion of Hydrogen. The proton-proton reaction produces deuterons, which is the nucleus of an isotope of Hydrogen 2 that contains one neutron and one proton as a result of the ejection of the positron and an uncharged neutron form the deuteron forms the nucleus of a deuterium which is a heavy Hydrogen (Hedegus and Luque 79). Deuteron and proton combines to form triton or Helium 3 which is an isotope of Helium. Helium 4 can also be formed through the combination of two Helium 3 to form two protons and Helium 4 or a combination of triton and deuteron that produces energy, neutron and Helium 4. The total energy yielded is 26.7MeV. This may be obtained through calculations based on the atomic mass energy of Helium 4 nucleus (Hedegus and Luque 79) Part of the radiation is lost to the outer space through radiation as some is scattered by the atmospheric gases. Some of the heat that reaches the earth’s surface has an average intensity termed as solar isolation and ranges between 0.6to 1.0kW/m2. This is mostly absorbed by plants as humans also harness the solar energy to produce electricity (Hedegus and Luque 48). In the production of electricity, the solar radiations are concentrated by PV cells into a silicon wafer. This is usually done through optical systems concentration may also be done through luminescence (Gratzel 6848). Solar thermal power is an option of generating electricity through solar energy. Solar power is concentrated in solar power towers and focused into a fluid that bares a fluid. The temperature increases and it turns turbines thereby producing electricity. There are commercially available PV

Strategic Human Resouce Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Human Resouce Management - Essay Example The paper tells that a key component of any working and successful company is a fully established human resource department. This department has the sole responsibility to ensure the provision of the essential component of entrepreneurship, which is labor. The human resource department has the concern to establish organizational activity of bettering the overall performance of the personnel working in the organization. Management in its broad terms entails a critical review of the developments in the company or firm to establish the sections that affect the company growth Thus, with respect to the current developments in Cop Motor Vehicle manufacturers the observable decline in sales, in addition to other internal factors reflecting in Cop Motor Vehicle manufacturers need agent redress from the management. The firm deals with the production of vehicle brands and spare parts. The responsibility to make the key decisions regarding this firm rests on the position of CEO. However, the de cisions that affect the human resources in the firm requires essential evaluation from the human resource department, to establish the measures to address the cause of the decline in sales and losses the firm is facing. Notably, the developments are forcing the CEO of Cop Motor Vehicle manufacturers to take drastic measures on the programs established by the human resource management department to develop the workforce for better performance of the firm. However, before taking such a measure, it is essential to evaluate the consequential impact of this decision on the firm and its eventual performance. This entails evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the decision to cut on the expenditures of the company on employee training and development, as well as, the other elements associated with the decision. Cop Motor Vehicle manufacturers have over 40 hands-on employees, 4 supervisors, and heads of the various departments, in addition to Chief Executive Officer. The stakes in t he training program entail the various sponsors for the training, the development managers and the clients who are the employees. In this case, Cop Motor Vehicle manufacturers rely significantly on the role and input of the employees in the production process. Therefore, it is notable that sales decline are a result, which most likely emanates from the employees directly.

Develop a Summary on the State of the US Economy Essay

Develop a Summary on the State of the US Economy - Essay Example Additionally, access of low-interest loans and other credits has been easy. This is a chance to property owners to refinances their mortgages. Car sales have also increased significantly due to sufficient liquidity; consumers can take advantage of cheap financial incentives and price discounts by to buy vehicles. However, car manufacturers do not make profit due to the inexistence of price power. The strength of the United States economy is also increasing due to development of GDP brought by defense spending. According to Kubarych, (2002), defense spending especially on military hardware is contributing close to half of the U.S. GDP. The rate of unemployment is still high despite the decrease in the number of job layoffs. Statistics shows that unemployment rate of in the U.S. currently stands at 6% with no hopes of falling. A study by Kubarych, (2002) explains that unemployment rate is likely to increase even further in the future. In addition, most businesses and industries in the U.S. are still making losses despite the economic recovery. Finally, borrowers especially those going for less credit are under tight restriction from lending institutions. The development of the United States economy is likely to slow down in the next 12 months due to factors such as harsh weather conditions, reduction of spending on both the U.S. and countries Europe. Compared to recovery of previous U.S. economy, the recovery of the current economy is slower. However, increase in government spending will likely to foster the U.S. economic growth. A change of fiscal policy is needed to increase economic recovery of the United States. Application of expansionary fiscal policy will improve economic recovery. The fact is that expansionary fiscal policy will lead to increase in aggregate demand. The government does this by increasing spending and reducing taxes. The result is that consumer spending will rise significantly due to availability of extra disposable income (Boyes &

Business Law and conflict with trade secrets Research Paper

Business Law and conflict with trade secrets - Research Paper Example How does business law conflict with trade secrets, and to what extent does this conflict pose problems? This paper will conduct an overview of how the business law acknowledges trade secrets and how it attempts to protect them. Along with case law examples, a stance will be ascertained as to the conflicting elements between business law and trade secrets, and how these conflicts, if any, cause problems for companies that try to protect their trade secrets. How the law defines trade secret, protects it, and what action can be taken will be assessed on a deeper level, as well as a brief comparison to its application to patents and trademarks to determine just how these conflicts have arisen, and why. Companies spend vast amounts of money on perfecting and researching new methods, processes and products in order to make them ‘stand out’ from their competitors. For example, Company Z discovers, after research and careful planning, a new safety system for its family vehicles – a system which cost the company millions in research and is now able to set this company apart from its competitors in this area. Indeed, this company should be entitled to the benefits reaped by the research and effort, both financially, and on a reputational level. It should be protected from Company Y, which decides that it wants to reap the benefits also of Company Z’s research, but without having exerted the time and money. Not only is this unfair on many ethical levels, it also has the potential to create rifts in the market, for Company Z has put a large amount of funds into discovering something that Company Y steps in and takes for free. The law attempts to prevent such occ urrences, and recognizes the inevitable demise of companies such as Z in such situations. However, there is much potential for problems to arise, especially when the elusive trade secret is defined by the actions of the company which possesses it rather than its actual content per se. This element